Self‐Esteem, Erotophobia, and Retention of Contraceptive and AIDS Information in the Classroom

Gerrard, Meg; Kurylo, Monica; Reis, Theresa J.

doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00525.x

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Therefore, the results of this study argue against using Leigh’s scale as a single factor measure, but the analyses have yet to be done to show the empirical utility of using the measure as a multi-factor measure. For example, in a study specifically designed to validate Leigh’s scale, individuals who score higher on the “More Open” factor derived in this study would be predicted to report drinking alcohol in association with sexual experiences more frequently than those who score lower on the More Open factor if they also score higher on a measure, say, of sex guilt (Mosher 1998) or of erotophobia (Gerrard et al 1991). On the other hand, scores on the Reduced Inhibitions would be expected to be less predictive in this context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factor Structure of Leigh’s (1990) Alcohol Sex Expectancies Scale in Individuals in Treatment for HIV Disease

et al. 2008

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The purpose of this study was to validate the use of Leigh's (1990) alcohol sex expectancies scale among HIV-infected individuals presenting for treatment as a way to facilitate research on sexual risk reduction among individuals in that population. The participants were 944 men who presented for treatment at infectious disease or general medicine clinics across 8 different VA Medical Center sites. A total of 534 of these men were HIV-positive and 410 were HIV-negative. The total sample was randomly divided in half within each HIV group to form exploratory (Sample 1) and confirmatory (Sample 2) subsamples. A principal components factor analysis with oblique rotation of the original 13-item Leigh scale within each HIV group in Sample 1 revealed a 2-factor (7 and 4 items, respectively) solution that was consistent across both HIV groups. These factors were named "More Open to Sexual Pleasure" (Factor 1) and "Reduced Inhibitions about Sex (Factor 2)." A confirmatory factor analysis of the 11-item, 2-factor solution on the full Sample 2 showed a modest fit to the data, excellent internal consistency reliability of both factors, a high correlation between the factors, and strong evidence for construct validity. These results were interpreted as supporting the use of the 11-item, 2-factor version of Leigh's scale in studies of clinical samples of HIV-positive adults, and directions for research on further scale refinement are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factor Structure of Leigh’s (1990) Alcohol Sex Expectancies Scale in Individuals in Treatment for HIV Disease

et al. 2008

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“…Studies show that optimism (Radcliffe & Klein, 2002), health locus of control (Hoorens & Buunk, 1993), and self-esteem (Larsen & Shepperd, 2001) are associated with decreased risk perceptions. Furthermore, self-esteem affects risk information processing (Gerrard, Kurylo, & Reis, 1991;Smith, Gerrard, & Gibbons, 1997) and behavioral intentions (Gibbons, Eggleston, & Benthin, 1997;Robberson & Rogers, 1988). Self-efficacy is integral to behavior change theories (Bandura, 1977(Bandura, , 1998 and moderates the relationship between risk perceptions and self-protective and information-seeking behaviors (Rimal, 2001;Rimal & Real, 2003).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parsing Susceptibility and Severity Dimensions of Health Risk Perceptions

El‐Toukhy

2015

Journal of Health Communication

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Risk perceptions, an important determinant of positive behavioral change, are often conceptualized as an additive or multiplicative index of two concepts: susceptibility to and severity of a health risk. Susceptibility is the possibility of experiencing a health risk, whereas severity is its seriousness or harmfulness. This article challenged the current theorization of risk perceptions. To demonstrate the differential perceptions of susceptibility and severity, two self-report studies (N = 70, each) and one reaction time study (N = 476) provided data on 50 health conditions that varied on several risk characteristics (e.g., prevalence, personal experience). Results showed that susceptibility and severity were two distinct, inversely related concepts. Perceived susceptibility and severity varied by risk characteristics, mainly prevalence (i.e., how common a health risk was perceived to be). Self-report data showed that a progressive increase in perceptions of a health risk prevalence rates was associated with an increase in susceptibility and a decrease in severity (and vice versa). Reaction-time data mirrored this pattern and showed these differential perceptions of susceptibility and severity were highly accessible, as evident by fast reaction times. Several individual differences (e.g., optimism) emerged as significant predictors of risk perceptions and their accessibility. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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“…An early study of the relation between threat and self-serving strategies examined retention of information about AIDS and contraception among female college students who found sexual material threatening (i.e., erotophobics; Gerrard, Kurylo, & Reis, 1991). It was hypothesized that HSE erotophobic women in a course on human reproduction would learn less of the material pertaining to sexual topics than would women with LSE, or those who were less threatened by the material.…”

Section: Attention To and Retention Of Health Information And Motivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Esteem, Self‐Serving Cognitions, and Health Risk Behavior

Gerrard

Gibbons

Reis-Bergan

et al. 2000

Journal of Personality

Self Cite

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The current article reviews prospective and experimental research on the relation between self-esteem and perceptions of vulnerability. These studies demonstrate that individuals with high self-esteem who engage in risk behavior often utilize a variety of self-serving cognitive strategies that protect them from fully acknowledging their vulnerability to the potential negative consequences of their behavior; e.g., they minimize their estimates of personal risk and overestimate the prevalence of the risk behavior among their peers. The article also provides data on an additional self-serving cognitive strategy employed by adolescents with high self-esteem--alteration of perceptions of others' reactions to their own risk behavior. Finally, the article reviews the emerging literature on the relation between these cognitive strategies and maladaptive health behavior, and proposes that whether these strategies are maladaptive depends on the nature of the threat and the availability of opportunities to engage in compensatory self-enhancement.

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Self‐Esteem, Erotophobia, and Retention of Contraceptive and AIDS Information in the Classroom

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Factor Structure of Leigh’s (1990) Alcohol Sex Expectancies Scale in Individuals in Treatment for HIV Disease

Factor Structure of Leigh’s (1990) Alcohol Sex Expectancies Scale in Individuals in Treatment for HIV Disease

Parsing Susceptibility and Severity Dimensions of Health Risk Perceptions

Self‐Esteem, Self‐Serving Cognitions, and Health Risk Behavior

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