Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Attitudes Toward Wife Abuse Among Muslim Women and Men in Canada

Ali, Alisha; Toner, Brenda B.

doi:10.1080/00224540109600520

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The extent of psychological consequences of violence against women was not examined in this study; nevertheless, the negative psychological consequences may be wider spread and more serious than physical injuries. In some studies, Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), low self-confidence, anxiety, and suicidal behaviour were more prevalent among abused women (Pitzner and Drummond 1997;Stein and Kennedy 2001;Pillay et al 2001;Ali and Toner 2001;Constantino et al 2000;Woods 2000;Lawson et al 1999;Fikree and Bhatti 1999). Furthermore, the results of a number of studies indicate that T-cell functionality diminishes in female victims of domestic violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Frequency and Correlates of Spouse Abuse by Type: Physical, Sexual and Psychological Battering Among a Sample of Iranian Women

Zand

2007

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Introduction Violence against women is one of the main, yet neglected, social problem in many countries. Unpublished reports and other anecdotes suggest a high rate of violence against women in Iran. This preliminary study was developed to examine the frequency and correlates of physical, sexual, and psychological violence against women in this country. Materials and MethodsThe study undertook structured interviews to identify the women who were abused by their spouse. This study was performed in two phases. The first phase involved the clarification of the concept of spouse abuse, designing a survey instrument, and fine-tuning the survey instrument through validity and reliability testing. The second phase consisted of the recruitment process through a multistage sampling method and administration of the survey instrument. Results In total, 650 women consented to participate in this study. Thirty nine percent of women were victims of physical violence. Thirty percent of participants were frequently insulted and 24% of women were sometimes threatened by their husbands. The rate of physical violence decreased as the education level of either spouses increased. Twenty three percent of women believed that their husbands had the right to exert violence against them. Discussion Factors such as erroneous beliefs and traditions, gender inequality, lack of social support for abused women, low education level, and women's lack of knowledge about their rights play an important role in extending this social dilemma. Empowering women through education, increased access to financial services, and increased participation in decision making; and increasing public awareness of human rights through education and awareness campaigns are keys in dealing with violence against women in Iran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Frequency and Correlates of Spouse Abuse by Type: Physical, Sexual and Psychological Battering Among a Sample of Iranian Women

Zand

2007

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…Some studies from developing countries and Muslim populations found lower education and socioeconomic status (Gonzales de & Gavilano, 1999;Martin, Tsui, Maitra, & Marinshaw, 1999), being a Muslim, living in a nuclear family (Koenig, Ahmed, Hossain, Khorshed, & Mozumder, 2003), low self-esteem (Ali & Toner, 2001), and being with a partner who abuses alcohol or smokes cigarettes (Ellsberg, Pena, Herrera, Liljestrand, & Winkvist, 2000;Khosla, Dua, Devi, & Sud, 2005;Maziak & Asfar, 2003) to be associated with domestic violence. On the other hand, !1 study in Bangladesh did not find poverty to be associated with domestic violence (Schuler, Hashemi, Riley, & Akhter, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Angry Wives, Abusive Husbands: Relationship Between Domestic Violence and Psychosocial Variables

Naeem

Irfan²,

Zaidi

et al. 2008

Women's Health Issues

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Background. A small number of studies conducted in Pakistan have shown high rates of domestic violence. None of the studies, however, discussed associated psychosocial factors. We interviewed a group of women to look at violence and associated psychosocial factors. We wanted to see if self-esteem, quality of relationships, social support, stressful life events, psychiatric symptoms, and different measures of anger were associated with domestic violence.Methodology. In a cross-sectional survey of women presenting to primary care physicians, we used Women's Experience with Battering and Domestic Abuse Checklist to measure domestic violence. The Relationship Assessment Scale, Oslo Social Support Scale, State Trait Anger Inventory, and Evaluative Belief Scale were used to look at the correlates of violence. We used the information in a regression model to identify independent predictors of violence in this sample.Results. More than half of the women reported experiencing battering and/or violence. Women in abusive relationships reported unhappiness with their intimate relationships and had high scores on 1 subscale of anger. Living in extended families was protective against violence.Conclusions. We were able to replicate findings that women in abusive relationships are not satisfied with the relationships with their partners. Living in extended families was protective against violence. Community studies may provide a better design to look at the association between abuse and poverty, literacy, self-esteem, and social support.

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“…A Canadian study also reported significantly more lenient attitudes towards wife abuse by Muslim men than Muslim women. However, this study found those negative attitudes were mitigated by higher self-esteem, where Muslims with higher selfesteem were more likely to be against wife abuse, regardless of gender [47]. A study conducted in Germany on immigrant Pakistani women found that some women in the study believed IPV is not a problem in their community, that the idea of abuse as a crime is a western construct and serves to break the family institution.…”

Section: Attitudes Towards Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nine studies looked at attitudes toward intimate partner violence [41][42][43][46][47][48][49][50][51]. A tenth study on a social work practice scale to measure an Arab American women's definition of IPV was not included in this study due to the fact that this dissertation was not available to the public per author request.…”

Section: Attitudes Towards Intimate Partner Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence in Muslim Communities

Nedegaard¹

2014

Arts Social Sci J

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IntroducitonIntimate Partner violence (IPV) against women is a problem that unfortunately plagues all societies. The World Health Organization [1] survey estimates that as many as 69% of women in the world can be impacted by IPV. It can have significant psychological, physical, social, economic, and spiritual implications that can negatively affect future generations, social relationships, and productive capacity [2,3]. Many factors intersect with situations of partner violence to either enhance survivor resilience or to further complicate IPV situations [4,5].Religion is one of the factors that play an especially important role when it comes to situations of IPV. When studying IPV it is important understand the interplay between IPV and the multiple dimensional roles religion plays while intersecting with other dimensions of culture. No religion condones IPV and this behavior disrespects religious teachings that promote and peace and harmony. Yet many IPV perpetrators use religion as another weapon of abuse. As Marie Fortune [6], one of the pioneering faith leaders acting against domestic violence said: …abusers …misuse and distort scripture to justify their choice to harm another person because they have power over that person. It is very easy to misuse and distort sacred texts. All you have to do is to lift something out of context with no understanding or appreciation of its history and meaning and use it to justify your personal beliefs. When you combine that with a blatant disregard for the fundamental teaching of the faith tradition, you end up with a perverse, dangerous distortion which can fuel hatred and violence in direct contradiction to the teaching of the faith".Muslims, a religiously, culturally, nationally and socioeconomically diverse faith-based populace, bear no exception in escaping this dilemma [7][8][9]. Many abusers use religion and culture as an excuse to justify their actions despite obvious evidence opposing this behavior.Yet, like in many faith communities, it is only in the recent past receiving attention as a major concern in North America and globally. Some scholars suggest that the global Muslim community is in the early stages of considering IPV as a social problem of criminal nature [10][11][12]. This is also evident in the fact that no empirical articles written in English were found on this issue prior to the 1990s. Like many faith communities, the subject of IPV in Muslims communities generally tends to remain a taboo; there is either general reluctance or denial that IPV exists [10,13,14]. It may remain a topic hidden within many families and, once again, this guarded nature is reflected in the limited availability of research on this issue within the professional literature [8,15]. However, the works of a few activists, academics and grassroots level agencies have helped shed light on the gravity of this global issue in more recent times [8,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. These advocates, as part of an emerging movement, are revealing that IPV is a major problem afflicting Mus...

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Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Attitudes Toward Wife Abuse Among Muslim Women and Men in Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Frequency and Correlates of Spouse Abuse by Type: Physical, Sexual and Psychological Battering Among a Sample of Iranian Women

Frequency and Correlates of Spouse Abuse by Type: Physical, Sexual and Psychological Battering Among a Sample of Iranian Women

Angry Wives, Abusive Husbands: Relationship Between Domestic Violence and Psychosocial Variables

Intimate Partner Violence in Muslim Communities

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