Self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships across time.

Abstract

Research on the longitudinal association between self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships has led to ambiguous conclusions regarding the temporal order and strength of this relation. Existing studies have examined this association across intervals ranging from days to years, leaving it unclear as to what extent differences in timing may explain differences across studies. In the present study, we used continuous time structural equation models (i.e., CT-SEM) to examine cross-lagged relations between the constructs, and also distinguished between-person differences from within-person processes (i.e., RI-CT-SEM). We analyzed 10 years of annual data from the Longitudinal Internet Studies of the Social Sciences (N = 14,741). When using CT-SEM, we found a bidirectional positive relation between self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships, with larger effects over longer intervals. When using RI-CT-SEM, we found the largest effects of self-esteem and satisfaction with social relationships across intervals of 1 year, with smaller effect sizes at both shorter and longer intervals. In addition, the effect of fluctuations in people’s satisfaction with social relationships on fluctuations in their self-esteem was greater than the reverse effect. Our results highlight the importance of considering time when examining the relation between self-esteem and interpersonal outcomes and likely psychological constructs in general.

Stability and change of perceived characteristics of major life events.

“…The two nested models were compared with a likelihood ratio test (Δ−2LL) and by examining the change in Akaike’s information criteria (ΔAIC). Mean-level changes were interpreted as significant if ΔAIC > 4 and if the likelihood ratio test was significant (de Moor et al, 2021). Using this procedure, we could examine whether there were overall mean-level changes in the latent process with the passing of time.…”

“…Meanlevel changes were interpreted as significant if DAIC . 4 and if the likelihood ratio test was significant (de Moor et al, 2021). Using this procedure, we could examine whether there were overall mean-level changes in the latent process with the passing of time.…”

The role of interpersonal perceptions of social inclusion and personality in momentary self-esteem and self-esteem reactivity

“…Empirical research has highlighted its predictive relevance for social, psychological, and health-related outcomes , prompting numerous studies to address the question of how self-esteem is formed. Over the past decades, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that selfesteem is shaped by social interactions and relationships with others (de Moor et al, 2021;Harris & Orth, 2019;Leary et al, 1995). While a great amount of research supports the link between the perception of feeling socially included and self-esteem, first studies show considerable differences in the degree to which momentary selfesteem fluctuates in response to these perceptions (Poorthuis et al, 2014;Schmidt et al, 2020;Thomaes et al, 2010).…”

Lessons learned from conducting a study of emotions and positive personality change in Syrian origin young adults who have recently resettled in the Netherlands

“…Like other longitudinal studies before it, Karakter was constrained by factors such as funding and personnel needs, and it is likely that this is one reason why the issue of timing regarding personality change (e.g., at what time interval should expect personality change to occur?) has been relatively neglected (e.g., de Moor et al, 2021;Luhmann et al, 2014). Ideally, we would have followed our participants for a longer period of time, as it would offer more information with regards to people's trajectories.…”