Self-Employment of Latinos and White Non-Latinos in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.: Choice and Income

Abstract

Using data from the American Community Survey 2005Survey , 2006, and 2007 we quantify the socio-economic factors that determine the likelihood of being self-employed (SE) of Latinos and White non-Latinos in the Pacific North West, U.S., and how these factors affect their income. Only 5.5% of Latinos are self-employed compared to 9.4% of White non-Latinos and Latinos earn 30% less than White non-Latinos. Non-linear decomposition results show that age and educational attainment explain 41% of the ethnic gap in the probability of being SE among the U.S. born. In contrast, gender, type of occupation, number of years in the United States, and good command of the English language explain 22% of the ethnic gap in the probability of being SE among immigrants. Linear decomposition of self-employment income (SEI) shows that age, marital status, and type of occupation explains 90% of the ethnic gap in SEI among the U.S. born; however, ethnic differences in SEI among immigrants are mixed. Thus, policies aimed to reduce the ethnic gap in SEI should take into account the skewed distribution of skills of Latinos, and the degree of transfer ability of immigrants' skills into the local environment. Reducing this gap poses the challenge of improving the skills of many self-employed Latino immigrants with limited choices or transferable experience.

Wage Gap between White non-Latinos and Latinos by Nativity and Gender in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

“…This paper quantifies demographic and socioeconomic factors that determine the wage income gap between White non-Latinos and Latinos in the PNW by nativity (U.S. born and immigrants) and gender for the period [2005][2006][2007]. It complements a paper on the characteristics of Hispanics in the PNW who are self-employed and how the characteristics explain differences in income with their White non-Latino counterparts (Rodríguez & Devadoss, 2014). We begin by describing the characteristics of Latino wage earners by nativity and gender.…”