Self-Employment as an Indicator of Segmented Assimilation among Six Ethnic Minority Groups

Abstract

Investigations of socioeconomic assimilation among immigrant and ethnic minority groups are often limited to analyses of labor market outcomes only. This study investigates the relationship between self-employment, as one overlooked indicator of socioeconomic integration, and segmented assimilation. Using 1980Using , 1990Using , and 2000 census data this research examines how length of residence in the US and nativity affect ethnic minority group differences in: 1) self-employment trends as a percentage of all men and women; 2) changes in these percentages from 1980 to 2000; and, 3) the odds of being self-employed compared with US-born non-Hispanic Whites. Drawing from segmented assimilation theory, findings demonstrate a mainstream assimilation trajectory as measured by self-employment participation for most ethnic minority groups, although there is some evidence that Filipino men may follow a downward assimilation trajectory. The delayed assimilation hypothesis associated with the "ethnic entrepreneurship" paradigm is not supported. Findings also reveal differences in self-employment participation by gender; however, women's segmented assimilation trajectories are not markedly different from that of men with one exception: foreign-born Filipinas demonstrate mainstream assimilation. Evidence presented in this study encourages the use of self-employment as one aspect of socioeconomic assimilation.

Racialized Assimilation of Asian Americans

“…The importance of ethnic resources may not be limited to low-capital enclave workers but may also apply to high-achieving Asian American groups attempting to secure socioeconomic gains, advances, and fair treatment in mainstream occupations and industries (Dhingra 2012, Kim & Sakamoto 2014, Lee 2013 Research on second-and higher-generation Asian Americans' self-employment indicates that although assimilation seems to be occurring, so is racialization. Examining data from the 1980 and 2000 US censuses, Valdez (2012) finds that as US-born Chinese and Koreans age, their generally higher self-employment rates converge with those of non-Hispanic whites, which Valdez suggests is indicative of assimilation to the mainstream. However, Chaudhary (2015) finds that whereas self-employment rates of second-and third-generation Asians are similar to those of whites, Asian Americans are still less likely than whites to be self-employed in medium-and high-prestige sectors.…”

Znaczenie badań przedsiębiorczości imigrantów dla nauk o zarządzaniu

“…Po pierwsze, ważne są interdyscyplinarne tradycje obszaru, który czerpie z socjologii, ekonomii, antropologii, politologii i studiów regionalnych, koncentrując się przy tym na problemach i zjawiskach właściwych naukom o zarządzaniu (tworzeniu organizacji, współdziałaniu, wynikach itd.). Badania przedsiębiorczości imigrantów mogą być zatem drogą rozsądnego zapożyczania 36 i inkorporacji nowych teorii, które poszerzą rozumienie organizacji i procesów zarządzania.…”

“…Ponadto poza Polską mieszkają liczne populacje migrantów z naszego kraju. Ich aktywność 36 przedsiębiorcza, metody współdziałania, strategie budowania relacji i tworzenia diaspor stanowią interesujące tematy badań, a także potencjalnie ciekawą bazę porównań. Wiele luk badawczych stwarza także możliwość weryfikacji istniejących teorii oraz replikacji badań w innym kulturowym, ekonomicznym i instytucjonalnym kontekście.…”

Intergenerational and ethnonational disparities in Hispanic immigrant self-employment

“…While it explored critical differences among ethnic subgroups, this study did not investigate immigrant assimilation across generations. Other researchers have examined assimilation patterns related to self-employment across racial and ethnic groups, focusing on immigrant generations or time since immigration (Chaudhary, 2015; Valdez, 2012). However, to our knowledge, no study of self-employment has compared immigrant status differences within and across Hispanic origin subgroups—which we do in this article.…”