Self-Employment and Occupational Structure in an Industrializing City: Detroit, 1880

Archer, Melanie

doi:10.2307/2579475

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Differences in hourly earnings, self‐employment participation, and self‐employment earnings are affected by human capital (education and work experience). In this analysis, age is included as a human capital variable since as people get older, they are likely to acquire more work experience (Borjas 1985; Archer 1991) and skills and knowledge valued in the U.S. economy (Tienda and Singer 1995). Education is defined as a series of dummy variables that capture eighth grade or less (reference group), ninth grade through high school graduate, some college through bachelor’s degree, and graduate or professional degree.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmented Assimilation Among Mexicans in the Southwest

Valdez

2006

The Sociological Quarterly

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This article examines segmented assimilation among foreign-born and U.S.-born Mexicans. Using the 2000 census, this article investigates how immigrants' length of residence in the United States and nativity affect the earnings and self-employment outcomes of low-and highskilled Mexican men and women in the Southwest. Findings reveal that the earnings of lowskilled, foreign-born Mexicans decrease as immigrants reside in the United States longer and are generally lower among the U.S. born than the foreign born. In contrast, the earnings of highskilled, foreign-born Mexicans increase as immigrants reside in the United States longer and are generally higher among U.S.-born Mexicans than foreign-born Mexicans. Moreover, selfemployment participation decreases as immigrants reside in the United States longer and is lower among the U.S. born than the foreign born, regardless of skill. Since self-employment results in lower earnings, a decline in self-employment indicates economic progress. Furthermore, men are generally better off than women. Drawing from segmented assimilation theory, findings support the "downward assimilation" hypothesis among low-skilled Mexicans and the "Anglo-conformity" hypothesis among high-skilled Mexicans. Overall, this research provides evidence of intragroup differences in segmented assimilation among foreign-born and U.S.-born Mexicans in the Southwest.Socioeconomic assimilation refers to the gradual process of incorporation, as immigrants and their descendants integrate into the United States economy (Myrdal

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmented Assimilation Among Mexicans in the Southwest

Valdez

2006

The Sociological Quarterly

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“…This conclusion derives from the finding that economic inequality pushes people to undertake entrepreneurship due to economic insecurity. It is particularly revealing because, while entrepreneurship is often perceived as a desirable path to social mobility (Archer 1991; McManus 2000), some recent work has shown that entrepreneurship has many of the characteristics of precarious work (Moulton and Scott 2016; Wassink and Hagan 2018). Yet, the extant literature has not satisfactorily explained the conditions under which entrepreneurship may be considered as a sign of economic insecurity and precarious employment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Becomes a Business Owner in High-inequality Regimes? The Conditioning Effect of Economic Inequality on the Impact of Individual Educational and Financial Endowment on Entrepreneurship

Auguste

2019

Social Currents

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Research has shown that individual educational and financial endowments are key indicators of their potential for entrepreneurial entry and success. At the same time, scholars have shown that economic inequality undermines educational development while increasing financial precarity. Yet, we know little about the extent to which economic inequality may condition how education and income affect an individual’s entrepreneurial experience. In this article, we present a mixed-effect analysis using data from 50 countries that shows that economic inequality diminishes the importance of an individual’s education and income on entrepreneurial entry. This effect is larger for higher education and income individuals than those in the bottom of the educational and income strata. In addition, inequality increases the likelihood that an individual would undertake entrepreneurial activities as a last resort, particularly individuals in low-education strata. These results suggest that under high-inequality regimes, entrepreneurship may be a sign of economic insecurity and inefficiency, and highlight the need for scholars to pay greater attention to understanding the structural forces that facilitate entrepreneurship development.

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“…The study of occupational structure and occupational stratification, defined as the relationship between occupational structure and group belonging, are at the core of numerous studies concerned with social inequality in contemporary and historical societies (Archer 1991;Blau and Duncan 1967;Darroch and Ornstein 1980;Friedlander 1992;Gudmundson 1983;Klein and Ogilvie 2016;Tjarks 1978). This literature finds that the association between occupation and social status is strong and pervasive in premodern and in modern societies alike (Katz 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Group Belonging: Evidence from Early-Nineteenth-Century Colonial West Africa

Galli¹

2022

Soc. sci. hist.

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This study provides a novel analysis of occupational stratification in Sierra Leone from a historical perspective. By employing census data for early-nineteenth-century colonial Sierra Leone, the present study offers a valuable snapshot of a colony characterized by a heterogenous population of indigenous and migratory origin. The study shows that an association between colonial group categorization and socioeconomic status existed despite the colony being of very recent foundation implying a hierarchical structure of the society. Although Europeans and “mulattoes” occupied most high-status positions, as common in the colonies, indigenous immigrants were also represented in high socioeconomic strata thanks to the opportunities stemming from long- and short-distance trading. However, later arrivals, especially liberated slaves, belonged within the lowest socioeconomic strata of the society and worked as farmers or unskilled labor, suggesting that the time component may also have influence socioeconomic opportunities.

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Self-Employment and Occupational Structure in an Industrializing City: Detroit, 1880

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Segmented Assimilation Among Mexicans in the Southwest

Segmented Assimilation Among Mexicans in the Southwest

Who Becomes a Business Owner in High-inequality Regimes? The Conditioning Effect of Economic Inequality on the Impact of Individual Educational and Financial Endowment on Entrepreneurship

Socioeconomic Status and Group Belonging: Evidence from Early-Nineteenth-Century Colonial West Africa

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