Self-Efficacy Predicts Personal and Family Adjustment Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury or Acquired Brain Injury and Their Significant Others: A Dyadic Approach

Abstract

To investigate whether the combination of self-efficacy levels of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) and their significant others, measured shortly after the start of inpatient rehabilitation, predict their personal and family adjustment 6 months after inpatient discharge. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Setting: Twelve Dutch rehabilitation centers. Participants: Volunteer sample consisting of dyads (NZ157) of adults with SCI or ABI who were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation and their adult significant others. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Self-efficacy (General Competence Scale) and personal and family adjustment (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and McMaster Family Assessment Device General Functioning). Results: In 20 dyads, both individuals with SCI or ABI and their significant others showed low self-efficacy at baseline. In 67 dyads, both showed high self-efficacy. In the low-self-efficacy dyads, 61% of the individuals with SCI or ABI and 50% of the significant others showed symptoms of anxiety 6 months after discharge, vs 23% and 30%, respectively, in the high-self-efficacy dyads. In the low-self-efficacy dyads, 56% of individuals with SCI or ABI and 50% of the significant others reported symptoms of depression, vs 20% and 27%, respectively, in the high-self-efficacy dyads. Problematic family functioning was reported by 53% of the individuals with SCI or ABI and 42% of the significant others in the low-selfefficacy dyads, vs 4% and 12%, respectively, in the high-self-efficacy dyads. Multivariate analysis of variance analyses showed that the combination of levels of self-efficacy of individuals with SCI or ABI and their significant others at the start of inpatient rehabilitation predict personal (VZ0.12; F 6,302 Z2.8; PZ.010) and family adjustment (VZ0.19; F 6,252 Z4.3; P<.001) 6 months after discharge. Conclusions: Low-self-efficacy dyads appear to be more at risk for personal and family adjustment problems after discharge. Screening for selfefficacy may help healthcare professionals to identify and support families at risk for long-term adjustment problems.

Trajectory and predictors of family function in caregivers of stroke survivors: A longitudinal study of the first 6 months after stroke

“…We found that the self‐efficacy of caregivers positively correlated with family function while caring for patients with first‐time stroke during hospitalization and predicted the family function at 6 months after the stroke event. This suggests that caregivers' self‐efficacy is a powerful predictor of family functioning, which is consistent with the findings of Scholten et al (2020) in patients with either spinal cord or acquired brain injury. Even a brief psychoeducational program may effectively promote self‐efficacy among caregivers (Meyer et al, 2022).…”

“…TA B L E 4 Multiple linear regressions for predictors of family function at four time points a . self-efficacy is a powerful predictor of family functioning, which is consistent with the findings of Scholten et al (2020) in patients with either spinal cord or acquired brain injury. Even a brief psychoeducational program may effectively promote self-efficacy among caregivers (Meyer et al, 2022).…”

“…For instance, a weak positive correlation was noted between social support provided by nurses and family function experienced by parents of critically ill children (Hakio et al, 2015). As factors of the personal level, previous studies have shown that caregiver stress or burden (Murthy et al, 2022), self‐efficacy (Scholten et al, 2020) and coping styles (Huang, Lin, et al, 2022) determine family functioning. All of these factors can be intervention targets, making them worthwhile variables to study.…”

Peer Support to Enhance Social and Emotional Self-Management Following Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Design of a Pre–post Study With Process Evaluation

“…One aspect of the quantitative analyses is the evaluation of patient outcomes with the degree of self-efficacy as the primary outcome. As a guideline, a required sample size of 90 participants was calculated based on an effect size of 0.3 ( 24 , 25 ), an α of 0.05, and a statistical power (1-β) of 0.80. Furthermore, the qualitative data collection in two focus groups will be held among eight participants for both groups.…”

Does the Presence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Family Functions and Self-Efficacy in Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester?: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

“…In other words, function may intensify resilience to, and coping with, stressors ( 11 ) and eliminate negative emotional symptoms. Several surveys have found self-efficacy mediated family functioning, depression, and anxiety symptoms in individuals ( 23 , 24 ). However, few studies have explored the relationship and mechanism among these three factors in pregnant women.…”