Self-Efficacy Mediates the Association between Partner Trust and Condom Usage among Females but not Males in a Kenyan Cohort of Orphan and Vulnerable Youth

Abstract

Continuing gains against incidence of HIV and other unwanted consequences of unprotected sex requires deeper understanding of characteristics of condom usage among sexually active youth. The present study assesses whether partner trust predicts condom usage, and whether potential associations were mediated by general self-efficacy, among a cohort of sexually active adolescents in Meru County, Kenya. We also sought to discover associations between socio-economic status, psychological resilience and partner trust to increase understanding of trust towards one's intercourse partner. Mediation analyses, stratified by gender, reveal that condom usage is predicted by self-efficacy and partner trust among females but not males. Higher psychological resilience predicts lower partner trust among both genders. Partner trust was lower among female respondents who were not literate, but did not significantly vary by literacy among males. Reported previous monthly earnings were not significantly associated with partner trust among males or females. The present findings support further study on partner trust, and its association with protective sex behaviors. Further, interventions targeting condom usage among females may benefit from actions to increase awareness of partner sexual behavior and increasing self-efficacy. RésuméLa poursuite des gains contre l'incidence du VIH et d'autres conséquences non désirés des rapports sexuels non protégés nécessite une meilleure compréhension des caractéristiques de l'utilisation du préservatif chez les jeunes qui sont sexuellement actifs. La présente étude évalue si la confiance des partenaires prévoit l'utilisation du préservatif, et si les associations potentielles ont intervenu par l'auto-efficacité générale, parmi une cohorte d'adolescents sexuellement actifs dans le comté de Meru au Kenya. Nous avons également cherché à découvrir les associations entre la situation socioéconomique, la résilience et la confiance des partenaires pour augmenter la compréhension de confiance envers son partenaire sexuel. Les analyses de médiation, stratifiés selon le sexe, révèlent que l'utilisation du préservatif est prédite par l'auto-efficacité et la confiance des partenaires chez les femmes, mais pas chez les hommes. La résilience psychologique élevée prédit une faible confiance des partenaires chez les deux sexes. La confiance des partenaires était plus faible chez les femmes interrogées qui n'étaient pas alphabétisées, mais n'a pas varié de manière significative par rapport à l'alphabétisation chez les hommes. Les gains mensuels précédents déclarés ne sont pas significativement associés à la confiance des partenaires chez les hommes ou les femmes. Les présents résultats confirment une étude plus approfondie sur la confiance des partenaires, et son association avec les comportements sexuels de protection. En outre, les interventions ciblant l'utilisation du préservatif chez les femmes peuvent bénéficier de mesures visant à accroître la sensibilisation du comportement sexuel du partenaire ...

<p>Barriers to Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Tehran, Iran: A Qualitative Study</p>

“…Partner's desire was another reason for not using condoms: that is consistent with previous research in this area. [42][43][44][45] In another study conducted among female sex workers in Vietnam, the results showed that most customers were reluctant to use condoms and were even willing to pay more in exchange for unsafe sex. 46 In fact, many of female sex workers stated that they were not able to resist the demands of their sexual partner and to obtain his consent and prevent violence they did not use condoms.…”

<p>Factors Associated with Condom Use Self-Efficacy Among Preparatory School Students in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…Literature reported that self-efficacy is one of the most significant predictors of condom use. [14][15][16][17][18] According to social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is a central concept in which both outcome and efficacy of expectations are critical in the promotion of health and behavioral change. 19 Bandura 20 defines the term "self-efficacy" as a "judgment of one's capability to accomplish a certain level of performance".…”

“…23 Hence, increasing self-efficacy is recommended for improving condom use among young adults. 16,23,24 Several studies showed that self-efficacy for protective behaviors among youth is associated with effective condom use. [25][26][27][28] A study done in America found that higher self-efficacy for condom use was significantly associated with people who were younger, had higher self-esteem, and communicated better with their sexual partner.…”

Consistent condom use and its associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus-positive pregnant women in Ethiopia

“…The data collection tool was developed by revising related studies ( 7 , 16 , 22 , 25 , 29 ). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews.…”

“…The factors associated with inconsistent condom use were cost, religion perception, alcohol use, perception of diminished sexual satisfaction, low perception risk of STDs, condom fatigue, having a stable sexual partner and emotional fulfillment, mistrust in relationships, gender inequality, perceptions of modesty, and low condom self-efficacy ( 17 – 19 ). Other studies show that self-efficacy is the most important conjecturer of condom use ( 20 – 22 ).…”