Self-Efficacy, Imagery Use, and Adherence to Rehabilitation by Injured Athletes

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate the factorial validity of the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ) and the predictive relationships among self-efficacy, imagery use, and rehabilitation adherence.Design and Setting:Survey administered in an outpatient physiotherapy clinic.Participants:270 injured athletes.Main Outcome Measures:AISEQ, Athletic Injury Imagery Questionnaire, and an adherence measure.Results:A confirmatory factor analysis of the AISEQ revealed a 2-factor model. Athletes were higher in task efficacy than coping efficacy and used more cognitive and motivational imagery than healing imagery. In addition, athletes rated their frequency and duration of exercise performance higher than their quality of exercise performance. Cognitive imagery significantly predicted task efficacy, task efficacy predicted quality of exercise, and coping efficacy predicted frequency of exercise. Both task and coping efficacy were predictors of duration of exercise.Conclusions:Results support a 2-factor solution of the AISEQ. In addition, task and coping self-efficacy appear to be key aspects in rehabilitation adherence.

Psychosocial Aspects of Athletic Injuries as Perceived by Athletic Trainers

“…Additional research further supports these findings. [8][9][10]28,[31][32][33][34] Such results are not surprising because athletes, especially students at the collegiate level, typically experience several stressors (eg, increased academic and athletic demands, public scrutiny, and competitive pressures) for which they may not have the necessary coping skills, and encountering an injury only adds to the existing stressors. 35 Moreover, these increased stress levels are likely to have a negative effect on an athlete's overall well being and self-worth, subsequently leading to increased levels of anxiety.…”

Use of a goal setting intervention to increase adherence to low back pain rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

“…[9][10][11] Of these factors, goal setting has been suggested to enhance patient motivation and treatment adherence by promoting higher levels of self-efficacy and treatment efficacy. 9,12,13 Likewise, a number of studies have reported that a strong belief in treatment efficacy is related to patient adherence to injury rehabilitation programmes. 9,12,13 There is also evidence indicating that belief in the efficacy of treatment is a powerful predictor of adherence.…”

“…9,12,13 Likewise, a number of studies have reported that a strong belief in treatment efficacy is related to patient adherence to injury rehabilitation programmes. 9,12,13 There is also evidence indicating that belief in the efficacy of treatment is a powerful predictor of adherence. 12,14 Hence, the identification of techniques that enhance a patient's belief in the efficacy of treatment may provide a basis upon which to design interventions that increase adherence and enhance the rehabilitation process.…”

Imagery and self-efficacy in the injury context

“…Successful athletic injury rehabilitation is enhanced through proper adherence to a prescribed rehabilitation program (Bassett, 2006;Brewer et al, 2000). Further, previous research has shown that higher levels of self-efficacy are significantly associated with better adherence to such a program (Brewer et al, 2003;Milne, Hall, & Forwell, 2005;Woodgate, Brawley, & Weston, 2005). Therefore, self-efficacy may play an important role in an injured athlete's motivation to recover, subsequent adherence to a prescribed rehabilitation program, and treatment outcome.…”

“…A variable related to self-efficacy in rehabilitation is an injured athlete's imagery use (Milne et al, 2005;Wesch, et al, 2011). Imagery has been described as "an experience that mimics real experience, and involves using a combination of different sensory modalities in the absence of actual perception" (Cumming & Ramsey, 2008, p.5).…”