Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Self-Management Behavior Practice Among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major health challenge associated with morbidity and mortality. Self-management behaviors are a critical part of diabetes disease management. Empowered or activated patients are more likely to practice better implementation of self-management behaviors. However, self-management behavior practice has not always been applied effectively among these populations. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the status and factors that influence the practice of selfmanagement behaviors among patients with diabetes. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A cross-sectional research design was used in this study; 112 eligible people with type 2 Diabetes were recruited. Several questionnaires were used in this study including demographic and patient characteristics, Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Summary Diabetes Self Care Activity (SDSCA), and Diabetes Knowledge (DKN) Scale. Data analysis was performed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyzes. Most of the respondents studied were women, aged 34-74 years and the highest educational background was secondary education, 33.9% of respondents have a good level of knowledge, and 59.8% have good self-efficacy. The results show the significant relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors (p-value < 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behavior after being controlled by the knowledge and the duration of diabetes. Therefore, nurses need to improve the self-efficacy of people with type 2 Diabetes by providing education about the management of Diabetes, as well as supporting and motivating them.
 
 Keywords: self-efficacy, self-management behaviors, people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Patients’ and family members’ knowledge, attitudes and perceived family support for SMBG in type 2 diabetes: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

“…This is an important theoretical viewpoint of planned behaviour theory 22. Clara et al 23 found that patients with better self-efficacy had higher levels of self-management. Risk perception refers to the subjective perception of the likelihood that a negative health-related event will occur for a certain person or group of people in a particular period 24.…”

Relationship between self-efficacy with self-management and quality of life among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review

“…In addition, 72 articles were evaluated for eligibility, and 65 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, which included populations with type 1 DM patients or other types, the articles were not about self-efficacy, the results were inappropriate, and the articles were literature reviews and qualitative studies. Seven articles from database searches (12)(13)(14)(15)17,25,26); and two articles from citation searches with full-text readings (16,20), where nine articles were included in this systematic review. Figure 1 details the study selection procedure.…”

“…Table 3 shows the characteristics of study participants among nine studies, of which seven studies were conducted in Asian countries, including two studies conducted in Indonesia (13,15), one study conducted in Malaysia (20), Saudi Arabia (16); Iraq (17); Turkey (14); and China (26). Furthermore, two studies were conducted in African countries, Sudan (12) and Ethiopia (25).…”

“…Previous research shows a relationship between self-efficacy and DM self-management (12,(15)(16)(17). Self-efficacy affects self-management, especially when giving insulin injections, taking medications as prescribed, and checking blood glucose levels independently (18).…”

Hubungan Efikasi Diri, Kepatuhan dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Manajemen Diri Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Surabaya

“…Semakin tinggi efikasi yang dimiliki seseorang maka semakin tinggi pula perilaku manajemen diri orang tersebut, karena orang yang memiliki manajemen diri yang tinggi cenderung lebih kuat dan gigih dalam berusaha mencapai kinerja yang maksimal. Penderita DMT2 yang memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi cenderung berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk merubah perilaku dan mengontrol dirinya agar memiliki hidup yang sehat (Clara et al, 2021).…”