Self-efficacy and illicit opioid use in a 180-day methadone detoxification treatment.

Little research has been conducted on the relationship of self-efficacy at treatment entry to individual differences or to treatment outcome for patients with cocaine dependence. Those relationships were examined in 163 cocaine-dependent patients in a residential treatment program using two measures of self-efficacy administered in the first week of treatment: beliefs about success in quitting in general and confidence about not using in 11 cocaine-specific high-risk situations. The most robust correlates of self-efficacy were greater desire to stop using and lower urge to use in high-risk situations. Age, depressive symptoms, cognitive functioning, recent substance use, and past success with quitting also correlated with self-efficacy. Both measures of self-efficacy predicted quantity and frequency of cocaine use and abstinence at 3 but not 6 months after treatment after controlling pretreatment cocaine use. Results suggest that treatments should target self-efficacy in cocaine-dependent patients.

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Modeling the complexity of post-treatment drinking: It's a rocky road to relapse

Witkiewitz

Marlatt

2007

Clinical Psychology Review

110

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The most widely cited road block to successful treatment outcomes for psychological and substance use disorders has been described as the return to the previous behavior, or "relapse." The operational definition of "relapse" varies from study to study and between clinicians, but in general the term is used to indicate the return to previous levels of symptomatic behavior. One explanation for the variation in the operationalization of relapse is the wide variety of behaviors for which the term is applied, including (but not limited to): depression, substance abuse, schizophrenia, mania, sexual offending, risky sexual behavior, dieting, and the anxiety disorders. A second explanation for the multitude of definitions for relapse is the inherent complexity in the process of behavior change. In this paper we present the most recent treatment outcome research evaluating relapse rates, with a special focus on the substance use disorders. Following this review of the literature we present an argument for the operationalization of relapse as a dynamic process, which can be empirically characterized using dynamical systems theory. We support this argument by presenting results from the analysis of alcohol treatment outcomes using catastrophe modeling techniques. These results demonstrate the utility of catastrophe theory in modeling the alcohol relapse process. The implications of these analyses for the treatment of alcohol use disorders, as well as a discussion of future research incorporating nonlinear dynamical systems theory is provided.

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Self-efficacy and illicit opioid use in a 180-day methadone detoxification treatment.

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Apathy is associated with poorer abstinence self-efficacy in individuals with methamphetamine dependence

Apathy is associated with poorer abstinence self-efficacy in individuals with methamphetamine dependence

Self-efficacy for cocaine abstinence: Pretreatment correlates and relationship to outcomes

Modeling the complexity of post-treatment drinking: It's a rocky road to relapse

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