Self-critical perfectionism and lower daily perceived control predict depressive and anxious symptoms over four years.

Abstract

This study of 152 community adults examined whether perfectionism interacts with daily perceived control to predict depressive and anxious symptoms over 4 years. Participants completed measures of higher-order perfectionism dimensions [self-critical (SC), personal standards (PS)] and neuroticism at time 1, daily diaries for 14 consecutive days to assess perceived control over most bothersome events at time 2 three years later, and measures of depressive and anxious symptoms at time 1, time 2, and time 3 four years after baseline. Hierarchical regression analyses of moderator effects demonstrated that individuals with higher SC perfectionism at time 1 and lower perceived control across daily stressors at time 2 had higher levels of depressive symptoms at time 3 than others, adjusting for the effects of time 1 and time 2 depressive and anxious symptoms. Higher SC perfectionism also interacted with lower perceived control to predict time 3 anxious symptoms. PS perfectionism and neuroticism did not interact with perceived control to predict time 3 depressive or anxious symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of addressing cognitive appraisals of one's control over handling daily stressors for the prevention and treatment of depressive and anxious symptoms in individuals with higher SC perfectionism. Public Significance StatementThis study demonstrates that individuals with higher self-critical perfectionism are vulnerable to depressive and anxious symptoms over the longer-term when these individuals have lower perceived control over daily stressors. The findings highlight the importance of considering self-critical perfectionism and daily perceived control in the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety.

Prevalence of Second Victims, Risk Factors, and Support Strategies among German Nurses (SeViD-II Survey)

“…Maladaptive perfectionism is very common both in young physicians [43] and nurses [44], and therefore, could explain the risks for SVP. Moreover, perfectionism has been linked to mental disorders like depression [45,46]. Likewise, neuroticism and resilience were correlated negatively in other settings [47], and high neuroticism is associated with high symptom load and length of PTSD [48,49].…”

Test anxiety, coping, and academic achievement: Maladaptive perfectionism as a moderator

“…Важан напредак у научном изучавању перфекционизма представљало је увођење његове мултидимензионалне концептуализације, која је идентификовала две димензије вишег реда овог феномена: адаптивни и маладаптивни перфекционизам (Dunkley, Starrs, Gouveia & Moroz, 2020;Thakre & Sebastian, 2021, Stojiljković, Todorović, Dosković & Todorović, 2011. Иако различити теоријски модели користе различите синтагме за означавање негативно конотираног перфекционизма (перфекционистичке бриге, евалуативне бриге, самокритички перфекционизам и дискрепанца), садржинске разлике међу овим концептима мање су од међусобних сличности.…”

“…За разлику од њих, маладаптивни перфекционисти постављају себи често недостижно високе персоналне циљеве и изузетно су самокритични када закључе да нису постигли зацртано савршенство (Moate, Gnilka, Westa & Rice, 2019). Ови појединци се константно боје грешака које могу да направе, сумњају у сопствене способности, доминантно су мотивисани страхом од неуспеха, фреквентно су опхрвани стидом и кривицом када доживе (субјективно перципирани) неуспех, а брине их и потенцијално неповољно мишљење других о њима (Abdollahia, Faraba, Panahipourb & Allenc, 2020;Dunkley et al, 2020;Kurtović, Vrdoljak & Idžanović, 2019). Чак и када им је постигнуће на завидном нивоу, они су незадовољни собом, уз изражену склоност ка дихотомном начину размишљања: "ако нисам перфектан, онда сам безвредан" (Erceg Jugović & Lauri Korajlija, 2012).…”

“…The study of perfectionism has progressed significantly with the introduction of its multidimensional conceptualization, which recognizes two higher-order dimensions of this phenomenon: adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism (Dunkley, Starrs, Gouveia & Moroz, 2020;Thakre & Sebastian, 2021, Stojiljković, Todorović, Dosković & Todorović, 2011. Although different theoretical models use different terms for negative perfectionism (perfectionistic concerns, evaluative concerns, selfcritical perfectionism, and discrepancy), conceptual similarities between them far outweigh the differences, which justifies the use of maladaptive perfectionism as an umbrella term (Woodrum & Kahn, 2022).…”

Introduction to the special issue on exceptional Canadian contributions to research in depression.

“…For example, outstanding work has been conducted by Dr. Kate Harkness (Queen's University) examining the impact of life stress in depression (e.g., Harkness & Monroe, 2016); the late Dr. John Abela (McGill University) who studied rumination and tested cognitive vulnerability models (e.g., the weakest link hypothesis; Abela & Sarin, 2002) in Canadian and Chinese youth (e.g., Auerbach et al, 2010); Dr. Andrew Ryder (Concordia University) who has investigated how culture shapes the experience and expression of emotional disorders (e.g., Ryder et al, 2012); Dr. David Zuroff (McGill University) who has investigated personality and interpersonal variables associated with depression (e.g., Zuroff et al, 2017); Dr. R. Michael Bagby (University of Toronto) who has explored personality dimensions in depression (e.g., Bagby et al, 2013); Dr. Brett Thombs (McGill University) who has focused on the screening and assessment of depression (e.g., Thombs et al, 2018); Dr. Marlene Moretti (Simon Fraser University) who has contributed to our understanding of sex and gender differences, attachment, and self-regulation in depression (e.g., Moretti & Higgins, 1990); Dr. Margaret Lumley (Guelph University) who has studied the impact of early maltreatment in depression and the importance of positive self-schemas (e.g., Lumley & McArthur, 2016); Dr. Shadi Beshai (University of Regina) who has investigated cognitive behavioral therapy and relapse prevention in depression (e.g., Beshai & Dobson, 2014); Drs. David Dunkley (McGill University) and Simon Sherry (Dalhousie University) who have examined the relations between perfectionism and depression (e.g., Dunkley et al, 2020;Sherry et al, 2013); and countless other university-and hospitalbased psychologists who have made outstanding contributions to research in depression. I hope that the readers of the Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science will enjoy reading the articles in this special issue, that the manuscripts will provide a sense of the breadth and depth of Canadian contributions to the science of depression, and that this issue will inspire the next generation of depression researchers.…”