“…The works of several authors help us understand the connection between victimization and offending by not only applying these theories to delinquency or victimization separately but by putting their focus directly on the connection between victimization and offending (Berg & Loeber, 2011;Berg, Stewart, Schreck, & Simons, 2012;Cudmore, Cuevas, & Sabina, 2015;Cullen, Unnever, Hartman, Turner, & Agnew, 2008;DeCamp & Newby, 2014;Flexon, Meldrum, & Piquero, 2015;Klevens et al, 2002;Mancini & Pickett, 2015;Posick, 2013;Posick & Zimmerman, 2015;Pyrooz, Moule, & Decker, 2014;Reid & Sullivan, 2012;Taylor, Freng, Esbensen, & Peterson, 2008;Tillyer & Wright, 2014;Zavala & Spohn, 2013;Zimmerman, Farrell, & Posick, 2017;Zweig, Yahner, Visher, & Lattimore, 2015;Wiesner & Rab, 2014). Fewer studies examine the victimoffender overlap from a longitudinal perspective (Barnes & Beaver, 2012;Jennings, Higgins, Tewksbury, Gover, & Piquero, 2010;Melde & Esbensen, 2009;Muftić & Hunt, 2012;Reingle & Maldonado-Molina, 2012;Schreck, Stewart, & Wayne, 2008;Smith & Ecob, 2007;Turanovic & Pratt, 2015;van Gelder, Averdijk, Eisner, & Ribaud, 2015;Zweig et al, 2015).…”