Self‐control and health‐related behaviour: The role of implicit self‐control, trait self‐control, and lay beliefs in self‐control

Hagger, Martin S.; Gucciardi, Daniel F.; Turrell, Amelia Skye; Hamilton, Kyra

doi:10.1111/bjhp.12378

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Previous research has suggested that past behaviour serves to summarize the effects of habits on behaviour. Examples of these constructs might be implicitly held beliefs or individual differences that predispose individuals' impulsive behavioural patterns such as trait self-control, impulsivity, and certain personality traits (Allom et al, 2018;Hagger, Gucciardi, Turrell, & Hamilton, 2019). Habits, therefore, would be expected to mediate effects of past behaviour on subsequent behaviour, an observation found in the current study and in previous research (van Bree et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…It could be that the residual effect of past behaviour on HED may reflect unmeasured constructs that affect behaviour independent of intentions and other social cognition constructs. Examples of these constructs might be implicitly held beliefs or individual differences that predispose individuals' impulsive behavioural patterns such as trait self-control, impulsivity, and certain personality traits (Allom et al, 2018;Hagger, Gucciardi, Turrell, & Hamilton, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reasoned and implicit processes in heavy episodic drinking: An integrated dual‐process model

Hamilton

Gibbs

Keech

et al. 2019

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives. University students commonly engage in heavy episodic drinking (HED), which contributes to injury risk, deleterious educational outcomes, and economic costs. Identification of the determinants of this risky behaviour may provide formative evidence on which to base effective interventions to curb HED in this population. Drawing from theories of social cognition and dual-process models, this study tested key hypotheses relating to reasoned and implicit pathways to action for HED in a sample of Australian university students who drink alcohol. Design.A two-wave correlational design was adopted.Methods. Students (N = 204) completed self-reported constructs from social cognition theories with respect to HED at an initial time point (T1): attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, intentions, habit, past behaviour, and implicit alcohol identity. Four weeks later (T2), students self-reported their HED behaviour and habit.Results. An initial path model indicated attitude and subjective norm predicted intentions, and intentions and implicit alcohol identity predicted HED. Inclusion of past behaviour and habit revealed direct effects of these on HED. Effects of T1 habit on HED were indirect through T2 habit, and there were indirect effects of past behaviour on HED through habit at both time points and the social cognition constructs. Direct effects of intentions and implicit alcohol identity, and indirect effects of attitude and subjective norm, on HED, were attenuated by the inclusion of past behaviour and habit.Conclusion. Results indicate that university students' HED tends to be governed by non-conscious, automatic processes than conscious, intentional processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasoned and implicit processes in heavy episodic drinking: An integrated dual‐process model

Hamilton

Gibbs

Keech

et al. 2019

British J Health Psychol

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“…That the only determinants of leisure-time physical activity participation in the current study were past physical activity participation, attitude, and trait self-control is consistent with this interpretation. Focusing first on the direct effect of trait self-control on behavior, this construct is proposed to reflect nonconscious processes insofar as those endorsing it are purported to exhibit adaptive self-regulatory skills that assist in pursuing goal-directed behaviors and help resist temptations to engage in alternative behaviors that may derail pursuit of the behavior [45][46][47]. On the surface, such an effect implies that individuals applying such skills must engage in active, effortful decision making to ensure focus on the target behavior and manage distractions, a conscious process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has also demonstrated that behavioral effects of trait self-control may be direct, independent of intentions [45]. Such effects reflect generalized tendencies to engage in adaptive behaviors without the need for deliberation or consideration.…”

Section: Extending the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of School Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Extended Trans-Contextual Model Using Bayesian Path Analysis

Polet

Schneider

Hassandra

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:The trans-contextual model (TCM) has been applied to identify the determinants of leisure-time physical activity participation in secondary school students. In the current study, the TCM was extended to include additional constructs that represent non-conscious, implicit processes that lead to leisure-time physical activity participation alongside the motivational and social cognition constructs from the TCM. The current study used baseline and follow-up data from an intervention study to test the extended TCM. Methods:The current study adopted a two-wave prospective design. Secondary-school students (N = 502) completed measures of perceived autonomy support from physical education (PE) teachers, autonomous motivation in PE and leisure-time contexts, social cognition constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), intentions, trait self-control, habits, and past behavior all in a leisure-time physical activity context. Five weeks later, students (N = 298) completed a follow-up self-report measure of their leisure-time physical activity. Results:Bayesian path analyses supported two key premises of the model: perceived autonomous support predicted autonomous motivation in PE, and autonomous motivation in PE predicted autonomous motivation in leisure time. However, while both forms of autonomous motivation predicted social cognition constructs and intentions, they did not predict leisure-time physical activity participation.Trait self-control, attitudes, and past behavior were direct predictors of intentions and leisure-time physical activity participation. Specifying informative priors for key model relations using Bayesian analysis yielded greater precision for some of the estimates. Conclusions:Findings raise some questions on the efficacy of the original TCM, but highlight the value of extending the TCM to incorporate additional constructs representing non-conscious processes. Note. †Parameters with informative priors. Model 1 = Bayesian path model with non-informative priors; Model 2 = Bayesian path model including informative priors; H = Hypothesis; β = Parameter estimate; 95% CrI = 95% credibility interval of path coefficient; %diff = Percent difference in 95% credibility interval of path coefficients of path analysis including informative priors for specified model relationships compared to analysis using non-informative priors (negative numbers indicate a

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“…Trait self-control has been consistently related to adaptive behaviors, including physical activity, across multiple contexts and populations [51]. Research has also demonstrated that behavioral effects of trait self-control may be direct, independent of intentions [52]. Such effects re ect generalized tendencies to engage in adaptive behaviors without the need for deliberation or consideration.…”

Section: Extending the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of School Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Extended Trans-Contextual Model Using Bayesian Path Analysis

Polet

Schneider

Hassandra

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract Background: The trans-contextual model has been applied to identify the determinants of leisure-time physical activity participation in secondary school students. In the current study, the trans-contextual model was extended to include additional constructs that represent non-conscious, implicit processes that lead to leisure-time physical activity participation alongside the motivational and social cognition constructs from the model. The current study used baseline and follow-up data from an intervention study to test the extended model.Methods:The current study adopted a two-wave prospective design. Secondary-school students (N = 502) completed measures of perceived autonomy support from physical education (PE) teachers, autonomous motivation in PE and leisure-time contexts, social cognition constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), intentions, trait self-control, habits, and past behavior all in a leisure-time physical activity context. Five weeks later, students (N = 298) completed a follow-up self-report measure of their leisure-time physical activity.Results: Bayesian path analyses supported two key premises of the model: perceived autonomous support predicted autonomous motivation in PE, and autonomous motivation in PE predicted autonomous motivation in leisure time. However, while both forms of autonomous motivation predicted social cognition constructs and intentions, they did not predict leisure-time physical activity participation. Trait self-control, attitudes, and past behavior were direct predictors of intentions and leisure-time physical activity participation. Specifying informative priors for key model relations using Bayesian analysis yielded greater precision for some of the estimates.Conclusions: Findings raise some questions on the efficacy of the original trans-contextual model, but highlight the value of extending the model to incorporate additional constructs representing non-conscious processes.

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Self‐control and health‐related behaviour: The role of implicit self‐control, trait self‐control, and lay beliefs in self‐control

Cited by 55 publications

References 58 publications

Reasoned and implicit processes in heavy episodic drinking: An integrated dual‐process model

Reasoned and implicit processes in heavy episodic drinking: An integrated dual‐process model

Predictors of School Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Extended Trans-Contextual Model Using Bayesian Path Analysis

Predictors of School Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Extended Trans-Contextual Model Using Bayesian Path Analysis

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