Self‐consumption and storage as a way to facilitate the integration of renewable energy in low voltage distribution networks

This study presents a model to analyse the effect of an increasing level of residential and commercial photovoltaic and storage devices, intended for self-consumption, on a power system. A whole year is focused and modelled through a set of selected representative days. A 24-h two-stage stochastic unit commitment is solved for each representative day and expected results are weighted to achieve annual expected results. This optimisation problem includes appropriate representation of the day-ahead and on-line operations and an adequate representation of the uncertainty associated with renewable sources and demand. The main contributions are: (i) the definition of a single model in which customers are price-makers and large-scale and customers' installations are appropriately modelled, therefore bridging the current macroscopic and microscopic modelling approaches, and (ii) the division of customers into four non-overlapping groups, which allows a sensitivity analysis of the effect of each group. Five main results are focused: net demand, CO 2 emissions, load factors, system operation cost, and customer savings. The model is applied to a case study based on the Spanish power system to show the model capability to quantify the effect of an increasing level of these promising technologies on a power system. SH start-up/shutdown cost incurred for conventional generator g at period t, €

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model to evaluate the system‐wide impact of residential and commercial photovoltaic and storage units intended for self‐consumption

Martín¹,

Pérez-Ruiz²,

López-Pérez³

2019

“…This means costly investments in upgrading grid components for these links can be avoided [10][11][12]. ES integration also helps in improving the power quality of the system [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic optimisation for investment analysis of flow battery storage systems

Tohidi

Gibescu

2019

In this study, a stochastic optimisation model is proposed to investigate revenue streams for flow batteries type of energy storage (ES) in a setup consisting of photovoltaic (PV) solar plant and load. Revenue streams investigated are (i) arbitrage in electricity markets between day-ahead market (DAM) and imbalance market (IM) and (ii) self-consumption of local PV production via storage for supplying the peak load. Stochastic parameters are represented by a set of scenarios and include DAM and IM prices of electricity, solar irradiation and load level. Scenarios are generated by analysing the historical data of the stochastic parameters. A stopping criterion based on the relative change of the revenue is proposed in order to reach a sufficient number of scenarios. The simulation is done on the Dutch DAM and IM electricity prices and for two residential and office load profiles with 107 kW average load and ∼30% PV production. The candidate flow batteries investigated are based on hydrogen-bromine chemistry with different power and energy capacities. The results reveal the potential for a positive business case both for ES stand-alone generation revenue just through arbitrage and also for ES added to PV-load setup generation revenue through arbitrage and self-consumption. ξ i CC , ξ i, m CMP , ξ i CME auxiliary variables (non-zero only for the selected category)

“…In other words, if the cost of energy production from PV systems is lower than the level of retail rates, self-consumption can contribute to the market integration of residential PV systems. Two major technologies that increase self-consumption are energy storage [16] and demand response (DR) [17], about which, various articles have made a comparison between the battery and DR. Some of them focused on the benefit of the battery integration with PV systems considering the effects of increased self-consumption on the grid [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards more‐efficient incentives for promotion of residential PV systems: a case study of Kerman, Iran

Sheikhhoseini

Rashidinejad

Abdollahi

et al. 2019

In Iran, the feed-in tariff (FIT) has been used for the promotion of photovoltaic (PV) systems, as an incentive, FIT cannot adjust power consumption. On the other hand, the PV generation has not reached grid parity; therefore, a tariff-based method for self-consumption is not attractive. This study presents a novel efficient incentive for the deployment of residential PV systems, which is based upon the levellised value of energy. The avoided cost-based method is proposed to evaluate the true value of PV (VOPV), including three main parameters: avoided energy cost, avoided capacity cost and avoided carbon emission cost. Numerical results show that in the first steps of the PV penetration, VOPV is more than the current FIT that makes selfconsumption beneficial. The proposed model can both increase or decrease customer loads based on PV output and grid conditions. By applying this method, the domestic consumers will be willing and able to provide demand adjustment and it may increase the share of investment on residential solar systems with a reasonable profit. It can be shown that the proposed selfconsumption platform can reduce losses and capacity requirements and consequently increase efficiency. TGD i total generation of PV system in peak periods of distribution network at year i, kWh V i, h shadow price of binding constraints (congestion) at year iand hour h λ percentage of generated electricity pumped into the grid (%)