This study used the semantic differential to investigate the rating behavior on the Real and Ideal Self of 37 neurotic-depressive, 37 paranoid, and 67 other patients in hospital treatment, on admission and prior to discharge. Of five diagnostic groupings, only depressives moved from very low to relatively high Real Self rating and exhibited a positive correlation between Real Self and improvement. On the Ideal Self none of the groups showed any significant rating change during hospital stay. The results suggested that enchanced Real Self rating as a function of improved adjustment is not confined to clientcentered therapy, since it also occurs with depressives in hospital treatment and without prolonged psychotherapy.