Self-compassion in sport: a scoping review

Cormier, Danielle L.; Kowalski, Kent C.; Ferguson, Leah J.; Mosewich, Amber D.; McHugh, Tara-Leigh; Röthlin, Philipp

doi:10.1080/1750984x.2022.2161064

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Explanations such as this may be behind the inconsistent relationships we found between SC and PA and warrant the exploration of moderators of the SC–PA relationship in the future. These mixed results are mirrored in SC and sport research wherein SC is often, but not always, related to sport performance (Cormier et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider sport and athletics to be conceptually distinct from PA performed for health or nonsport leisure. We direct readers to the work of Cormier et al (2023) for an extensive review of SC and sport. SC was defined according to the foundational work of Kristin Neff (K. Neff, 2003a); therefore, studies published before 2003 were excluded.…”

Section: Eligibility and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar large-scale review was recently published within SC and sport. Cormier et al (2023) reviewed 69 studies (10,025 participants) and identified relationships between SC and beneficial outcomes within sport including well-being, striving for excellence, and overcoming setbacks. However, Cormier et al (2023) exclusively examined sport and did not include studies on nonsport PA. A large review of SC in the context of nonsport PA could serve as a companion to the work of Cormier et al (2023) and advance the field of SC and PA in tandem with the field of SC and sport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-compassion, physical activity, and psychological antecedents of physical activity: A scoping review of quantitative research.

Kullman,

Simpson,

Semenchuk

et al. 2024

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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Despite the promising link between self-compassion and health behaviors, less is known about the relationship between self-compassion and physical activity (PA) performed for health (e.g., exercise) or psychological constructs that could plausibly mediate this relationship. This scoping review maps research examining the relationship between selfcompassion, PA, and psychological antecedents of PA. A peer-reviewed search strategy was run through OVID MEDLINE(R) and APA PsycInfo in 2020, 2021, and 2023. We hand searched the https://selfcompassion.org repository and the reference lists of included studies and nine subject-relevant reviews. Eligible studies used any quantitative design, were published in English after 2003, and examined self-compassion in the context of PA or PA-related self-regulation, affect, motivation, or self-efficacy among participants aged 10 years or older. Studies examining sport and athletics were excluded. Article screening was conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. Data extraction was divided evenly between the two reviewers. The search yielded 4,612 articles. After screening, N = 43 independent samples (n = 27 cross-sectional, n = 6 prospective, n = 4 randomized trials, n = 4 nonrandomized trials, n = 2 single-session experiments) were included representing 18,478 participants. Consistent support was found for the relationship between self-compassion and PA-related self-regulation, affect, motivation, and self-efficacy. Inconsistent support was found for the association between self-compassion and PA behavior. Insufficient evidence was available to determine whether self-compassion can be intervened upon to increase PA. Our findings suggest that self-compassion may support psychological variables that contribute to PA engagement or maintenance. Five recommendations for future intervention development are provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eligibility and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-compassion, physical activity, and psychological antecedents of physical activity: A scoping review of quantitative research.

Kullman,

Simpson,

Semenchuk

et al. 2024

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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“…These competencies are critical to professional development but also fundamental to self-care and mental health. Finally, a promising line of research that may be adapted to more formal coach education, is the use of various mindfulness and self-compassion programs, still pre-dominantly targeting athletes, that aims to build resources valuable for well-being (Cormier et al, 2023).…”

Section: Formal Coach Education Has An Important Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Position Paper: Rationale for a Focused Attention on Mental Health of High-Performance Sports Coaches

Kenttä,

Dieffenbach,

Bentzen

et al. 2024

International Sport Coaching Journal

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High-performance (HP) coaching has been described as “a complex, social, and dynamic activity that is not easily represented as a set of tangible and predictable processes.” Coaches are not only responsible for extensive planning, monitoring, and leadership in a dynamic and complex environment but also have responsibility for supporting athlete development and safeguarding their athletes’ overall health, well-being, and psychological and physiological safety. However, HP coaching is often considered an unsustainable profession, due to the levels of stress and subsequent mental health challenges that are frequently part of the role. Therefore, this position paper will focus on the concerns, challenges, and resources needed to prevent and manage mental ill-being and support the mental well-being of sport coaching professionals in HP sport, and provide recommendations for individuals, systems, and organizations that work with HP sport coaches.

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“…A large body of research into self‐compassion, based on Neff's (2003a, 2003b) conceptualization, has linked higher self‐compassion levels with enhanced positive affect and health‐promoting behaviors (see Sirois et al., 2015 for a meta‐analysis), emotion regulation (see Finlay‐Jones, 2017 for a meta‐analysis), and adaptive coping (e.g., Allen & Leary, 2010), as well as decreases in stress, anxiety, and depression (see MacBeth & Gumley, 2012 for a meta‐analysis). More recently, self‐compassion has emerged as an area of significant interest in the sport literature due to its positive associations with managing stress and setbacks in sport and negative associations with maladaptive psychological factors, particularly anxiety, depression, shame, and self‐criticism (see Cormier et al., 2023; Röthlin et al., 2019 for reviews).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in NCAA Division I collegiate athletes: Relations with self‐compassion, stress, and rumination

Assar,

Lueke,

Eouanzoui

et al. 2023

Stress and Health

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the benefits of self‐compassion on sleep difficulties extend to a sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college athletes, and to examine the unique contributions of two possible pathways that have been separately evidenced to underlie the self‐compassion and sleep difficulties association in non‐athlete populations – namely perceived stress and rumination. A total of 412 NCAA Division I college athletes (M = 19.88, SD = 1.50) from 16 different West, Midwest, South, and North‐eastern universities completed the Self‐Compassion Scale, Perceived Stress Scale‐10, Rumination‐Reflection Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Findings indicated that self‐compassion is associated with fewer sleep difficulties in college athletes, and that lower levels of perceived stress and rumination are independent mechanisms through which self‐compassion is associated with sleep difficulties. Further, a comparison of the indirect effects revealed that perceived stress had a significantly stronger indirect effect on the relation between self‐compassion and sleep difficulties than rumination. This study provides initial support for self‐compassion training as a potentially relevant and important resource for promoting mental health and sleep health in the context of collegiate sport.

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Self-compassion in sport: a scoping review

Cited by 19 publications

References 104 publications

Self-compassion, physical activity, and psychological antecedents of physical activity: A scoping review of quantitative research.

Self-compassion, physical activity, and psychological antecedents of physical activity: A scoping review of quantitative research.

Position Paper: Rationale for a Focused Attention on Mental Health of High-Performance Sports Coaches

Sleep in NCAA Division I collegiate athletes: Relations with self‐compassion, stress, and rumination

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