Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

Croft, Robyn; Byrd, Courtney T.

doi:10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The SCS is a 26-item 5-point Likert-response scale that focuses on the respondent's opinions of self-worth, thought to be a function of emotional regulation. Self-compassion is a core component of cognitive and affective therapies for adults who stutter and included as part of the Blank Center treatment approach (see Croft & Byrd, 2020, for correlation with the OASES). The SCS demonstrates impressive internal reliability and temporal stability (interitem, Cα = .92; test–retest, Cα = .93), and outcomes converge with measures of conceptually related measures (e.g., self-criticism, r = −.65; interpersonal closeness, r = .41; emotional intelligence, r = .43; perfectionism, r = −.57; see Neff, 2003) but low correlation with legacy measures of social desirability ( p > .10, r = .05) and mental health diagnoses (depression, r = −.21; anxiety, r = −.33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Communication Effectiveness in Adults Who Stutter

Byrd

Coalson

Young

2022

Topics in Language Disorders

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The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits of a treatment approach for adults who stutter that focuses on core communication competencies rather than attempt to modify speech fluency. Eleven adults who stutter completed a 12-week treatment program at The Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education and Research. Pre- and posttreatment measures included (a) self-reported cognitive and affective aspects of stuttering (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering [OASES], Self-Perceived Communication Competence [SPCC], Devereux Adult Resilience Survey [DARS], and Self-Compassion Scale [SCS]) and (b) ratings of 9 core communication competencies by an unfamiliar clinician blind to pre/posttreatment status. Participants reported significant mitigation of the adverse impact of stuttering (OASES) and greater resilience (DARS) after treatment. Participants also demonstrated significant gains in 8 of the 9 clinician-perceived communication competencies. Lower pretreatment stuttering frequencies were not significantly associated with posttreatment gains in clinician-perceived communication competencies. Preliminary findings suggest that, similar to findings for children and adolescents who stutter in previous studies, significant psychosocial and communicative benefit can be obtained for adults who stutter following treatment designed to focus on communication effectiveness rather than fluency, and that these gains are not contingent on the participants' stuttering frequency prior to enrollment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Communication Effectiveness in Adults Who Stutter

Byrd

Coalson

Young

2022

Topics in Language Disorders

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“…Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain these findings among people who stutter (PwS). Accordingly, lower well‐being among PwS may be linked to a sense of helplessness, a feeling that stuttering symptoms are dependent on external factors outside of the individual's control (higher perceptions of external control relative to personal control; Boyle, 2016), and lower self‐compassion (Croft & Byrd, 2020). Another factor that has been offered as a possible mediator of the association between stuttering and well‐being is self‐efficacy (Carter et al., 2019; Craig et al., 2009), a construct taken from Bandura's social cognitive theory, reflecting the individual's confidence in their abilities to successfully execute actions and command self‐change (Bandura, 1977; Boyle, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation may be that, as in stuttering, the effects of cluttering on overall well‐being and mental health are mediated through self‐image. That is, having a fluency disorder may result in lower self‐esteem (Craig et al., 2009) and higher self‐criticism (Croft & Byrd, 2020), which in turn leads to reduced well‐being levels. Lower self‐efficacy among PwC, which may lead to avoidance and social withdrawal, may also lead to lower self‐image, culminating in lower well‐being levels (Carter et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There is more to cluttering than meets the eye: The prevalence of cluttering and association with psychological well‐being indices in an undergraduate sample

Icht

Zukerman

Zigdon

et al. 2023

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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BackgroundCluttering is a fluency disorder characterized by an abnormally fast or irregular speech delivery rate along with disfluencies that are frequent but are not judged to be stuttering. Data on cluttering prevalence in the general population are scarce, as well as its association with psychological well‐being indices, such as anxiety, and depressive symptoms.AimsTo estimate cluttering prevalence among undergraduates, as well as its relationship with psychological and well‐being indicators.Methods & ProceduresTo address these issues, a large sample (n = 1582) of undergraduates completed a questionnaire that provided a lay definition of cluttering and were asked to identify themselves as clutterers (SI‐Clut), as well as to indicate the presence of several psychological and mental well‐being indices.Outcomes & ResultsA total of 276 respondents (23%) self‐identified as clutterers (now or in the past), with 55.1% of those being male. Only 56 respondents (3.5% of the total sample; about 21% of SI‐Clut) reported having received speech therapy for cluttering. Relative to students self‐identifying as non‐clutterers, self‐identification of cluttering was associated with higher levels of psychosomatic symptoms, depressive symptoms and stress, indicating a tendency toward internalizing psychopathology, along with lower self‐esteem, and lower subjective happiness.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe current findings point to the high prevalence of students self‐identifying as clutterers, along with a significant link between cluttering and mental distress. Therefore, it is important to increase public awareness of cluttering, its diagnosis and treatment. From the clinical perspective, the elevated levels of somatic complaints, anxiety and depression may represent internalizing psychopathology, associated with more covert rather than overt symptomatology. Such symptom manifestation calls for special attention from the speech–language pathologists providing cluttering therapy, using designated well‐being or mental health screening tools. Although data on standard cluttering treatment are limited, it should be customized to the client's unique difficulties. Speech–language pathologists’ understanding of cluttering, which includes both speech characteristics as well as psychological and social aspects of well‐being, may assist them in implementing effective treatments.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subject Cluttering is a fluency disorder characterized by an abnormally fast or irregular speech rate, along with various disfluencies and articulatory imprecision. It may co‐occur with other disorders, such as learning disabilities, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Data on cluttering prevalence and its association with psychological well‐being indices, such as anxiety and depression, are limited.What this paper adds to existing knowledge A total of 276 undergraduates (23%) self‐identified as clutterers, of whom 55.1% were males. A total of 56 respondents (3.5% of the total sample, and about 21% of undergraduates self‐identified as clutterers) reported having received speech therapy for cluttering. Psychosomatic symptoms, depressive symptoms and stress levels were higher among these students, suggesting a tendency toward internalizing psychopathology, along with a lower sense of self‐esteem and subjective happiness.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The high prevalence of students self‐identifying as clutterers, along with the low percentage of respondents who received speech therapy for cluttering, emphasize the need to raise public awareness of the problem, its diagnosis and treatment (Reichel et al., 2010). The association between cluttering and mental distress requires speech–language pathologists to be aware that cluttering may have covert symptomatology, similar to stuttering, which should be addressed in therapy.

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“…Interventions using self-compassion are generally considered to be effective for clients with high levels of shame and self-criticism . It has been reported that self-compassion is related to the degree of stuttering-related difficulties (Croft & Byrd, 2020) and may promote acceptance of stuttering (Fujii et al, 2020). Intervention using self-compassion may be effective for people whose stuttering is not accepted by their surroundings and have strong shame and self-criticism related to stuttering.…”

Section: -3 Self-compassionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of mindfulness and/or compassion interventions for people who stutter: A systematic review

Haitani¹

2022

Preprint

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Introduction: People who stutter (PWS) often suffer from psychological difficulties in addition to stuttering symptoms. Recently, mindfulness and compassion interventions have been applied to PWS to ameliorate these difficulties. The present study aimed to systematically review the applications of these interventions.Methods: Empirical studies applying mindfulness and/or compassion to PWS were included. Database (PubMed, CiNii), registry (CENTRAL, ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov), Google scholar, citation, and manual searches were conducted (last searched on November 10, 2021). Adjusted standardized mean differences (SMDs) were presented through forest plots. Risk of bias was assessed through a tool developed by the National Institutes of Health. Results: Eighteen studies (n = 195, excluding controls) were included. Ten studies, all of which showed some risk of bias, allowed calculation of SMDs of pre-post comparison. Some SMDs calculated in certain studies which were potentially less affected by bias appeared consistent with those in previous studies. Mindfulness has been used in several different treatments including speech treatments. A clinical trial of self-compassion is ongoing.Discussion: Mindfulness interventions have been applied to PWS in several treatment approaches and can have beneficial impacts. However, there is a risk of bias, including bias potentially caused by questionable research practices and publication and/or reporting bias.

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Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

Cited by 13 publications

References 67 publications

Targeting Communication Effectiveness in Adults Who Stutter

Targeting Communication Effectiveness in Adults Who Stutter

There is more to cluttering than meets the eye: The prevalence of cluttering and association with psychological well‐being indices in an undergraduate sample

Applications of mindfulness and/or compassion interventions for people who stutter: A systematic review

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