Self-Combustion Synthesis and Ion Diffusion Performance of NaV₆O₁₅Nanoplates as Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

NaV 6 O 15 nanoplates are successfully prepared by a facile and low-cost self-combustion method, which can be considered as promising cathode materials for high capacity sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). Morphology analysis suggests that the self-combustion method leads to the NaV 6 O 15 nanoplates possessing uniform size, with an average length of 400 nm and width of 100 nm. As the cathode materials, the NaV 6 O 15 nanoplates exhibit a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.48 mAh g −1 at a current density of 20 mA g −1 and remains 81.99 mAh g −1 after 30 cycles. The volume change is as little as 6.4%, which is demonstrated by the first-principles calculation. To understand the diffusion performance of sodium ion in NaV 6 O 15 crystalline lattice, the diffusion coefficients of sodium ion are investigated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method and the first-principles calculation. The vacancy-hopping diffusion mechanism is proposed based on a quasi-2D energy favorable trajectory, which relieves the sodium ions diffuse along b-axis in NaV 6 O 15 lattice with desirable activation energy of 0.481 eV.

Bilayered Potassium Vanadate K0.5V2O5 as Superior Cathode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries

“…This finding is in good correlation with the slight interlayer contraction combined with the increasing amount of Na. Scarce data are available on Na + mobility in sodiated oxides and bronzes, with very close values in the range 10 −12 –10 −10 cm 2 s −1 reported for Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 ,, Na x CoO 2 , and P2‐Na 0.67 MnO 2 …”

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of NaV6O15 microflowers for lithium and sodium ion batteries

“…[18][19][20] At present, many types of synthesis methods for NaV 6 O 15 (b-Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 ), such as solid-state reaction, 21 sol-gel method 22 and hydrothermal method, 23,24 have been attempted to improve its electrochemical performances. Among various morphologies of NaV 6 O 15 structures, nanosheets, 25 microspheres 26 and nanoakes, 27 can improve electrochemical performance of the batteries further. For example, Lu et al reported hydrothermal synthesis of b-Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 nanosheets, which exhibited a discharge capacity of 258 mA h g À1 at the current density of 150 mA g À1 and the capacity retention of 70.2% aer 50 cycles.…”

Electrochemical Properties of Na0.66V4O10 Nanostructures as Cathode Material in Rechargeable Batteries for Energy Storage Applications

“…More recently, Shinde et al, used the ultrasonic sonochemical synthesis method to prepare Na 0.44 MnO 2 cathode, which shows the reversible capacity of about 110 mAhg −1 at a current rate of C/10 with good cycling stability [62]. By changing the preparation method to self-combustion, the NaV 6 O 15 nanoplates show the capacity of about 150 mAhg −1 at a current rate of 20 mAg −1 , which remains about 82 mAhg −1 after 30 cycles [53]. On the other hand, NaV 6 O 15 nanorods prepared by PVP-modulated synthesis route shows high initial capacity of about 157 mAhg −1 at 20 mAg −1 current density [41].…”

“…39,49,58,59 Jiang et al synthesized NaV 6 O 15 nanoplates and reported a discharge capacity of 116 mAh g –1 measured vs Na + /Na with a cycle retention of 55% at a current density of 50 mA g –1 . 58 However, note that the electrochemical performance of Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 critically depends on the synthesis conditions, size in nanometer, and morphology. 39,49,58,59 Therefore, nanostructures of Na 0.66 V 4 O 10 [(Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 ) 2 ] in different morphologies still need to be explored in detail as cathode material for Na-ion batteries.…”

“…58 However, note that the electrochemical performance of Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 critically depends on the synthesis conditions, size in nanometer, and morphology. 39,49,58,59 Therefore, nanostructures of Na 0.66 V 4 O 10 [(Na 0.33 V 2 O 5 ) 2 ] in different morphologies still need to be explored in detail as cathode material for Na-ion batteries. Also, it has been reported that partial substitution of Li with Na in Li 2– x Na x MnO 3 improves the electrochemical performance and significantly enhances the cycling stability of Li-ion battery.…”