“…The periodically structured PEC surface behaves effectively like a planar metal surface at optical frequencies showing tightly bound EM modes for lower frequencies and, more importantly, propagation properties of spoof SPPs can be controlled by engineering the geometric parameters [30][31][32][33][34]. Therefore, spoof SPPs can be manipulated to imitate the EM behavior of SPPs such as guiding [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], localization [39,[41][42][43], and focusing [33,37,44,45]. Remarkably, some structured metal surfaces exhibit a spoof SPP band gap, where no surface guided modes are allowed.…”