Self-Collimation of Light over Millimeter-Scale Distance in a Quasi-Zero-Average-Index Metamaterial

Mocella, Vito; Cabrini, Stefano; Chang, Ansi; Dardano, Principia; Moretti, Luigi; Rendina, Ivo; Olynick, D.; Harteneck, B.; Dhuey, Scott

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.133902

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Zero-n -material has also been realized by Mocella et al [44] in the near-IR regime using alternating stripe layers of negatively refracting (silicon-based PCs with n eff ≈ -1) and _ positively refracting (air, n = 1) materials. The authors called such composite materials " quasi-zero-average-index (QZAI) metamaterial " , and a zero-n -gap was observed.…”

Section: Realizations Of the Zero-n -Gap: Simulations And Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physics of the zero- photonic gap: fundamentals and latest developments

et al. 2012

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A short overview is presented on the research works related to the zero-n -gap, which appears as the volume-averaged refraction index vanishes in photonic structures containing both positive and negative-index materials. After introducing the basic concept of the zero-n -gap based on both rigorous mathematics and numerical simulations, the unique properties of such a band gap are discussed, including its robustness against weak disorder, wide-incidence-angle operation and scaling invariance, which do not belong to a conventional Bragg gap. We then describe the simulation and experimental verifi cations on the zero-n -gap and its extraordinary properties in different frequency domains. After that, the unusual photonic and physical effects discovered based on the zero-ngap and their potential applications are reviewed, including beam manipulations and nonlinear effects. Before concluding this review, several interesting ideas inspired from the zero-ngap works will be introduced, including the zero-phase gaps, zero-permittivity and zero-permeability gaps, complete band gaps, and zero-refraction-index materials with Dirac-Cone dispersion.

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Section: Realizations Of the Zero-n -Gap: Simulations And Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors called such composite materials " quasi-zero-average-index (QZAI) metamaterial " , and a zero-n -gap was observed. The QZAI material can collimate a beam of near-IR light for millimeter distances [44] .…”

Section: Realizations Of the Zero-n -Gap: Simulations And Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of the zero- photonic gap: fundamentals and latest developments

et al. 2012

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“…v0. [14][15][16][17][18]20,25,26 In this case, the photonic crystal behaves as a medium with an effective isotropic index n eff 521 for a wavelength of 1.55 mm. Experimental reflectivity spectra from the photonic crystal sample were obtained using a tunable CW diode laser (Ando AQ4321D) that emits monochromatic light with a maximum variable power of 5 mW and a wavelength varying between 1520 nm and 1620 nm.…”

Section: Guided Resonances In Negative Photonic Crystals S Romano Et mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, by studying a hexagonal airhole lattice in silicon, we highlight that the out-of-plane incoming radiation is negatively refracted in the structure. While the in-plane properties of negative refraction in a photonic crystal slab have been studied over the last years, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] this is the first experimental demonstration of negative refraction detected out-of-plane. In particular, we provide imaging of the radiation coupled into a photonic crystal slab when the resonance occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided resonance in negative index photonic crystals: a new approach

et al. 2014

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The behavior of a negative refraction photonic crystal slab irradiated with out-of-plane incident beam is an unexplored subject. In such an experimental configuration, guided mode resonance appears in the reflection spectrum. We show that, in this case, the light coupled inside the photonic crystal is backpropagating. A relationship with the negative index properties is established using a new approach in which the guided resonance is recovered by modeling the photonic crystal layer with a simple Lorentz resonator using the Fresnel reflection formula. Light: Science & Applications (2014) 3, e120; doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.1; published online 3 January 2014Keywords: diffraction gratings; guided mode resonance; negative index; photonic crystals INTRODUCTIONIn 1902, Wood observed the presence of narrow bright and dark bands in the reflectivity spectrum of an optical grating. These bands were dependent on the polarization of the incident light, and because they could not be explained by grating theory, they were classified as anomalies. 1 This effect was theoretically explained for the first time by Rayleigh 2 and then by Hessel and Oliner 3 in 1965, who demonstrated that these anomalies in the reflections from gratings were related to the excitation of surface waves on metallic grating structures. Similar resonant anomalies have been observed in various materials with a periodic patterning applied to a surface that can support excitations, such as plasmon polariton resonance or sharp spectral features in shallow grating waveguide structures. 4 In particular, the reflection and transmission of an incident wave on a photonic crystal (PhC) slab can produce sharp resonance in the spectrum when the radiation is coupled with the modes of the structure. [5][6][7] Guided mode resonance has been well studied in the photonic crystal literature. Due to the extremely narrow shape of the resonance when superposed on the background reflection, guided mode resonances can be used to design optical bandpass filters with elevated symmetrical responses and low side-bands 8,9 or distributed feedback lasers with a high Q factor. 10 Moreover, the confinement of the optical field within the slab can be used to trap 11 single particles or to enhance signals from fluorescent elements, thus enabling high-sensitivity sensors. 12 In this paper, we reveal novel insight into the reflectivity properties of a negative refraction photonic crystal slab. In particular, by studying a hexagonal airhole lattice in silicon, we highlight that the out-of-plane incoming radiation is negatively refracted in the structure. While the in-plane properties of negative refraction in a photonic crystal slab have been studied over the last years, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] this is the first experimental demonstration of negative refraction detected out-of-plane. In particular, we provide imaging of the radiation coupled into a photonic crystal slab

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“…To overcome these drawbacks, researchers have to introduce metamaterials into the PCs to obtained tunable PBGs [14] and zero-n PBGs [15]. Obviously, the zero-refractive indices can be obtained by metamaterials [16,17]. Metamaterials are firstly proposed by Veselago in 1967 [18], and can exhibit a negative index of refraction in some frequency ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced the Complete Photonic Band Gaps for Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Consisting of Epsilon-Negative Materials in Pyrochlore Arrangement

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Zhao³

2014

PIER B

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Abstract-In this paper, the properties of photonic band gaps (PBGs) for three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs) composed of isotropic positive-index materials and epsilon-negative materials with pyrochlore lattices are theoretically investigated by a modified plane wave expansion method. The eigenvalue equations of calculating the band structures for such 3D PCs in the first irreducible Brillouin zone (spheres with the isotropic positive-index materials inserted in the epsilon-negative materials background) are theoretically deduced. Numerical simulations show that the PBG and a flatbands region can be achieved. It is also found that larger PBG can be obtained in such PCs structure than the conventional lattices, such as diamond, face-centered-cubic, body-centered-cubic and simple-cubic lattices. The influences of the relative dielectric constant of spheres, filling factor, electronic plasma frequency, dielectric constant of epsilon-negative materials and damping factor on the properties of PBG for such 3D PCs are studied in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. The calculated results also show that the PBG can be manipulated by the parameters mentioned above except for the damping factor. Introducing the epsilon-negative materials into 3D dielectric PCs can obtain the complete and larger PBG as such 3D PCs with pyrochlore lattices, and also provides a way to design the potential devices.

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Self-Collimation of Light over Millimeter-Scale Distance in a Quasi-Zero-Average-Index Metamaterial

Cited by 88 publications

References 28 publications

Physics of the zero- photonic gap: fundamentals and latest developments

Physics of the zero- photonic gap: fundamentals and latest developments

Guided resonance in negative index photonic crystals: a new approach

Enhanced the Complete Photonic Band Gaps for Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Consisting of Epsilon-Negative Materials in Pyrochlore Arrangement

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