Self-Care Practice and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020

Abstract

Background. Hypertension prevalence is continuously rising and is projected to be 1.56 billion cases by the year 2025. Despite the great progress made in the treatment of hypertension, many patients still do not achieve optimal results and experience devastating complications due to uncontrolled high blood pressure. Objective. The aim of this study is to assess self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from October to November 2020. A single population proportion formula and systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 392 study participants. The data were entered to Epi-Info software version 7.1 and then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A descriptive statistic was expressed as percentage, frequency, and mean. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dependent variable using a p value of <0.05. Results. A total 392 eligible hypertensive patients participated in the study. The self-care practice among hypertension patients was found to be 54.1%. Urban residency (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.2–3.9), social support (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.13–3.39), good knowledge (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15–2.91), age between 40 and 64 (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.19–8.3), age ≥65 (AOR = 3.81; 95% CI, 1.35–10.7), and stress control (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.06–2.67) were predictors of hypertension self-care practice. Conclusion and Recommendation. The study revealed that almost one out of two hypertension patients had good hypertension self-care practice. Good social support, age greater than 40 years, urban residency, good basic knowledge, and having stress control were positively associated with hypertensive self-care practice.

Self-care practices and associated factors among hypertension patients in public hospitals in Harari regional state and Dire Dawa City administration, Eastern Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study

“…Good knowledge about hypertension and treatment was 1.5 times more associated with good self-care practices. This finding consistent with is similar to studies done in Debre Tabor (17), Harar (32), Mekele (33), Addis Ababa (38), and Saudi Arabia (20). The possible justification is because knowledgeable patients know about the disease, treatment, complications, and how it can be controlled and managed.…”

“…The odds of having good self-care practices (SCPs) were 1.9 higher than those with strong social support as compared to those who had poor social support. This is in line with studies conducted in Harar (32), Dessie town (18), Debre Tabor (17), and China (40). This might be due to the existence of the family or relative support increasing adherence to components of self-care practices.…”

“…According to findings from this study, 52% (95% CI, 48.2-58%) of hypertensive patients had good SCPs. A similar finding was reported in studies conducted in South India (52.4%) (29), Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (54.1%) (17), Dessie town (49%) (18), and Addis Ababa (51%) (30). The finding was higher than the studies conducted in West Bengal (37.1%) (31), Harar (29.9%) (32), Debre Berhan 24% (17), Mekele (20.3%) (33), and Addis Ababa (39.5%) (34).…”

“…A similar finding was reported in studies conducted in South India (52.4%) (29), Debre Tabor, Ethiopia (54.1%) (17), Dessie town (49%) (18), and Addis Ababa (51%) (30). The finding was higher than the studies conducted in West Bengal (37.1%) (31), Harar (29.9%) (32), Debre Berhan 24% (17), Mekele (20.3%) (33), and Addis Ababa (39.5%) (34). This could be explained by sample size differences, socio-cultural variations, and levels of knowledge about hypertension and management.…”

“…It contains taking medications, consumption of a low-salt diet, moderating alcohol drinking, physical exercises, weight management, not smoking, blood pressure monitoring, and reducing stress (15,16). Previous showed that sex, age, occupational status, time since diagnosis, comorbidities, knowledge about the disease, self-efficacy, social support, smoking, and khat chewing are associated with components of self-care practice of hypertension (17)(18)(19)(20).…”