Self-Calibration of the Phase Angle Errors of RVDs at Frequencies Up to 100 kHz

Calibration Method of a Wideband AC Resistance Voltage Divider Based on an Equivalent Model

“…Since the upper limit of the test frequency in the literature [ 2 , 14 ] is 3 kHz, the test results in the literature [ 13 ] are used to verify the validity of the correction method when the frequency range is greater than 3 kHz. The phase angle error of the resistive voltage divider, the ratio of which is 100:1 with 11 sets of 100 Ω resistive elements in serial connection and 9 sets of 100 Ω resistive elements, is still designed by the National Institute of Metrology in Beijing and measured at the voltage of 30 V and shown in Figure 8 of the literature [ 13 ]. According to Equation (6) in [ 13 ], after the leakage capacitance determined by the geometry and resistance are determined, the phase angle errors present a linear relationship with the frequency, which is also consistent with the results of Equation (21) in this paper.…”

“…The phase angle error of the resistive voltage divider, the ratio of which is 100:1 with 11 sets of 100 Ω resistive elements in serial connection and 9 sets of 100 Ω resistive elements, is still designed by the National Institute of Metrology in Beijing and measured at the voltage of 30 V and shown in Figure 8 of the literature [ 13 ]. According to Equation (6) in [ 13 ], after the leakage capacitance determined by the geometry and resistance are determined, the phase angle errors present a linear relationship with the frequency, which is also consistent with the results of Equation (21) in this paper. According to the phase angle error test results shown in Figure 8 and Equation (21), we can obtain an estimate of K t of about −3.15 × 10 −10 .…”

“…AC resistance voltage dividers are widely used for various levels of voltage measurement [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], and because the frequency characteristics of resistance voltage divider ratios are easier to achieve than those of electromagnetic transformers and other voltage divider test methods [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], precision AC resistance voltage dividers are often used under audio or power harmonic measurement conditions to divide higher voltages into lower voltages for measurement, and corresponding national standards have been introduced [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. However, due to the growing demand for harmonic power measurements, precision resistive voltage dividers require tight control of phase shifts and reduced measurement errors [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…The literature [ 14 ] used digital sampling combined with the step-climbing method to achieve an accurate measurement of the phase error of a resistive voltage divider. The literature [ 13 , 14 ] has proposed a method for MN-type resistive dividers and their phase error traceability and also proposed a method to achieve accurate measurement of the phase error of dividers with different resistance values based on a four-terminal resistive time constant standard combined with a binary reactance divider, and an experimental analysis of the phase error and linearity error of two digitally sampled voltage signals at different voltages. The main and auxiliary voltage divider branches are used to realize the equipotential shielding, which solves the leakage of the resistor connection to the circuit board and the leakage of the distributed capacitance around the resistor.…”

“…However, there are problems with the measured voltage phase not being measured due to the intervention of the thermocouple and the mobile shield compensation leakage not being given a quantitative analysis [ 20 , 22 ]. In addition, the resistance voltage divider also has application limitations such as a nonlinear high-frequency response [ 13 ] and high cost. The limitations of the use of AC resistance voltage dividers are summarized in Table 1 below.…”