Self-biased reconfigurable graphene stacks for terahertz plasmonics

Gómez‐Díaz, J. S.; Moldovan, Camelia; Capdevila, S.; Romeu, J.; Bernard, Laurent; Magrez, Arnaud; Ionescu, Adrian M.; Perruisseau‐Carrier, Julien

doi:10.1038/ncomms7334

Cited by 133 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Recently, graphene provides new perspective to realize adaptive surfaces. The ability to control charge density on graphene enables new active terahertz devices for various applications such as switches 37 , modulators [38][39][40][41][42] , metamaterials [43][44][45] , plasmonics 44,46 and cloaking 43,47 . A review by SensaleRodrigues et al 48 summarizes these recent developments in reconfigurable terahertz optoelectronics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-enabled electrically switchable radar-absorbing surfaces

et al. 2015

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Radar-absorbing materials are used in stealth technologies for concealment of an object from radar detection. Resistive and/or magnetic composite materials are used to reduce the backscattered microwave signals. Inability to control electrical properties of these materials, however, hinders the realization of active camouflage systems. Here, using large-area graphene electrodes, we demonstrate active surfaces that enable electrical control of reflection, transmission and absorption of microwaves. Instead of tuning bulk material property, our strategy relies on electrostatic tuning of the charge density on an atomically thin electrode, which operates as a tunable metal in microwave frequencies. Notably, we report large-area adaptive radar-absorbing surfaces with tunable reflection suppression ratio up to 50 dB with operation voltages o5 V. Using the developed surfaces, we demonstrate various device architectures including pixelated and curved surfaces. Our results provide a significant step in realization of active camouflage systems in microwave frequencies.

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confidence: 99%

Graphene-enabled electrically switchable radar-absorbing surfaces

et al. 2015

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“…Therefore, another graphene layer has to play the role of the gate electrode. Utilization of such all-graphene gating and the graphene stacks, structures composed of two or more graphene layers separated by electrically thin dielectrics, has been theoretically investigated and experimentally verified [9,12,[28][29][30]. Alumina, the graphene sheets.…”

Section: Influence Of the Graphene Surface Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without the loss of generality, we will perform numerical electromagnetic modeling of the proposed structures, replacing the graphene stacks with single layers of negligible thickness exhibiting tunable surface conductivity. All of the results will be given for several chemical potentials in the range of interest, rather than for the corresponding bias voltages, thus allowing for easier interpretation of results, once actual biasing conditions and the equivalent total stack conductivity are determined [29]. The Fermi velocity in graphene is …”

Section: Influence Of the Graphene Surface Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based waveguide resonators for submillimeter-wave applications

Ilić

Bukvic

Ilić

et al. 2016

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. Utilization of graphene covered waveguide inserts to form tunable waveguide resonators is theoretically explained and rigorously investigated by means of full-wave numerical electromagnetic simulations. Instead of using graphene based switching elements, the concept we propose incorporates graphene sheets as parts of a resonator. Electrostatic tuning of the graphene surface conductivity leads to changes in the electromagnetic field boundary conditions at the resonator edges and surfaces, thus producing an effect similar to varying electrical length of a resonator. Presented outline of the theoretical background serves to give phenomenological insight into the resonator behavior, but it can also be used to develop customized software tools for design and optimization of graphene based resonators and filters. Due to the linear dependence of the imaginary part of the graphene surface impedance on frequency, the proposed concept was expected to become effective for frequencies above 100 GHz, which is confirmed by the numerical simulations. Frequency range from 100 GHz up to 1100 GHz, where the rectangular waveguides are used, is considered. Simple, all-graphene based resonators are analyzed first, to assess the achievable tunability and to check the performance throughout the considered frequency range. Graphene-metal combined waveguide resonators are proposed in order to preserve excellent quality factors typical for the type of waveguide discontinuities used. Dependence of resonator properties on key design parameters is studied in detail. Dependence of resonator properties throughout the frequency range of interest is studied using eight different waveguide sections appropriate for different frequency intervals. Proposed resonators are aimed at applications in the submillimeter-wave spectral region, serving as the compact tunable components for the design of bandpass filters and other devices.

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“…Other configurations such as few-layer graphene or certain graphene stacks would theoretically lead to higher radiation efficiency thanks to their higher conductivity and mode coupling, respectively. However, few-layer graphene has been considered for plasmonic waveguides with high confinement [9] and for antennas as an auxiliary element [10], but not as the radiating element of plasmonic antennas; whereas graphene stacks have been introduced in [11,12] seeking self-biased reconfigurability, not better radiation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable THz Plasmonic Antenna Based on Few-Layer Graphene with High Radiation Efficiency

et al. 2018

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Graphene plasmonic antennas possess two significant features that render them appealing for short-range wireless communications, notably, inherent tunability and miniaturization due to the unique frequency dispersion of graphene and its support for surface plasmon waves in the terahertz band. In this letter, dipole-like antennas using few-layer graphene are proposed to achieve a better trade-off between miniaturization and radiation efficiency than current monolayer graphene antennas. The characteristics of few-layer graphene antennas are evaluated and then compared with those of antennas based on monolayer graphene and graphene stacks, which could also provide such improvements. To this end, first, the propagation properties of one-dimensional and two-dimensional plasmonic waveguides based on the aforementioned graphene structures are obtained by transfer matrix theory and finite-element simulation, respectively. Second, the antennas are investigated as three-dimensional structures using a full-wave solver. Results show that the highest radiation efficiency among the compared designs is achieved with the few-layer graphene, while the highest miniaturization is obtained with the even mode of the graphene stack antenna.

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Self-biased reconfigurable graphene stacks for terahertz plasmonics

Cited by 133 publications

References 68 publications

Graphene-enabled electrically switchable radar-absorbing surfaces

Graphene-enabled electrically switchable radar-absorbing surfaces

Graphene-based waveguide resonators for submillimeter-wave applications

Reconfigurable THz Plasmonic Antenna Based on Few-Layer Graphene with High Radiation Efficiency

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