Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ernesto Panadero, Departamento de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain. E-mail: ernesto.panadero@gmail.com 2 Self-assessment scripts vs. rubric effect on self-regulation, performance and self-efficacy in university students.Two approaches to self-assessment are optimal because they offer to the students the assessment criteria: rubrics and scripts. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of rubrics and scripts on self-regulation, performance and self-efficacy. 69 pre-service student teachers participated on the study. During a semester the participants were trained to design multimedia material. Results showed that students using script had higher levels of learning self-regulation when compare to the rubric and the control, and that the rubric group had higher level than the control. Regarding performance/avoidance self-regulation (negative self-regulatory actions detrimental for learning) the use of the rubric significantly decreased these negative actions. No significant effects were found for students' performance. A tendency was observed for students using self-assessment tools to have greater self-efficacy.Keywords: self-regulation; self-assessment; formative assessment; rubric; script; selfefficacy; learning; goal orientation; self-grading; self-evaluation.
3In recent years self-assessment of learning has received a lot of attention and it is a growing field in educational psychology (e.g. Dochy, Segers, & Sluijsmans, 1999;Ross, 2006; Taras, 2010). The reason is that self-assessment is a process necessary for selfregulation and learning to occur (Andrade & Valtcheva, 2009;Kitsantas & Peters, 2010;Winne & Hadwin, 1998). Consequently, researchers have looked for different ways to promote self-assessment in students. There are two instruments for promoting selfassessment, the potential effects and conditions for effectiveness of which are being studied:rubrics and scripts (Alonso-Tapia & Panadero, 2010). Rubrics are designed to evaluate, mainly, the product of an activity (Andrade, 2010;Jonsson & Svingby, 2007), whereas scripts are designed to help students during an activity to assess whether the process they are following is adequate or not (Bannert, 2009;Kramarski & Michalsky, 2010;Nückles, Hübner, & Renkl, 2009). These two tools have proved to have some positive effects on self-regulation and learning (Alonso-Tapia & Panadero, 2010;Bannert, 2009;Jonsson & Svingby, 2007).Nevertheless, results about script and rubric effectiveness and the conditions for it are far from being conclusive, and no prior research has compared their relative effects on selfregulation and learning in real classroom settings (Panadero, 2011). Hence, this will be the main objective of this study.
Theoretical frameworkOur work is based on several theoretical suppositions about self-assessment and selfre...