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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations * sı Supporting Information CONSPECTUS: Our natural environment inspires much of our innovation in all fields of research and application. In particular, unique optical properties are observed in natural systems such as bioluminescence and structural colors generated by bioengineering specific nanostructures. Cellulose is one such naturally occurring material that has been particularly surprising and impactful. Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers with incredible versatility and distinct optical properties.Cellulose nanomaterials can readily self-assemble into chiral nematic phases which induces birefringence resulting in unique optical properties as well as causing incident irradiation to be circularly polarized. These properties unlock possibilities for cellulose materials to be used in encryption and sensing applications to name a few. Thus, cellulose materials have been used extensively as chiral scaffolds in composites but not as luminophores themselves in circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials.Recent discovery of the intrinsic luminescence of cellulose has expanded the use of cellulose materials in optical applications.In addition to structural colors, the study of luminescent properties of cellulose is a perfect example of the scientific method. For many years it was presumed that such materials would only emit if they were contaminated with other luminophores. Researchers stress tested this hypothesis and found that not just cellulose but many everyday, biological and even very structurally simple molecules emit UV and visible light via a clustering triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. This phenomenon employs throughspace conjugation of heteroatoms wherein the electron clouds of nearby electron moieties can overlap. CTE combines aspects of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP). There are several characteristic features observed in materials demonstrating CTE. These include concentration-dependent emission, excitation wavelength-dependent and multicolor emission, and room temperature phosphorescence. The optical properties of cellulose are found to be particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli such as pH, humidity, temperature, etc. thus making them ideal for luminescent sensing applications. Cellulose-derived materials have also been used in a broad spectrum of other applications including encryption, bioimaging, and analytical tools. However, there are several aspects of the field that have yet to be explored. Arguably, the most important of these is the lack of specificity in the CTE mechanism. It is currently unknown what the specific requirements for cluster sizes are and what the maximum spacer length is in order for the cellulose materials to still enable effective heteroatom electronic overlap. Additionally, the materials can often suffer from low quantum yields. This account includes a brief overview of some of the most impactful optical properties of cellulose materials, including biref...
Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations * sı Supporting Information CONSPECTUS: Our natural environment inspires much of our innovation in all fields of research and application. In particular, unique optical properties are observed in natural systems such as bioluminescence and structural colors generated by bioengineering specific nanostructures. Cellulose is one such naturally occurring material that has been particularly surprising and impactful. Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers with incredible versatility and distinct optical properties.Cellulose nanomaterials can readily self-assemble into chiral nematic phases which induces birefringence resulting in unique optical properties as well as causing incident irradiation to be circularly polarized. These properties unlock possibilities for cellulose materials to be used in encryption and sensing applications to name a few. Thus, cellulose materials have been used extensively as chiral scaffolds in composites but not as luminophores themselves in circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials.Recent discovery of the intrinsic luminescence of cellulose has expanded the use of cellulose materials in optical applications.In addition to structural colors, the study of luminescent properties of cellulose is a perfect example of the scientific method. For many years it was presumed that such materials would only emit if they were contaminated with other luminophores. Researchers stress tested this hypothesis and found that not just cellulose but many everyday, biological and even very structurally simple molecules emit UV and visible light via a clustering triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. This phenomenon employs throughspace conjugation of heteroatoms wherein the electron clouds of nearby electron moieties can overlap. CTE combines aspects of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP). There are several characteristic features observed in materials demonstrating CTE. These include concentration-dependent emission, excitation wavelength-dependent and multicolor emission, and room temperature phosphorescence. The optical properties of cellulose are found to be particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli such as pH, humidity, temperature, etc. thus making them ideal for luminescent sensing applications. Cellulose-derived materials have also been used in a broad spectrum of other applications including encryption, bioimaging, and analytical tools. However, there are several aspects of the field that have yet to be explored. Arguably, the most important of these is the lack of specificity in the CTE mechanism. It is currently unknown what the specific requirements for cluster sizes are and what the maximum spacer length is in order for the cellulose materials to still enable effective heteroatom electronic overlap. Additionally, the materials can often suffer from low quantum yields. This account includes a brief overview of some of the most impactful optical properties of cellulose materials, including biref...
Non‐contact intelligent sensing technology is a key player in the data acquisition and environmental monitoring framework of the Internet of Everything, laying the groundwork for the realization of highly integrated intelligent network systems. However, environmental factors continue to be a major challenge in the process of real‐time monitoring and feedback of objects, constraining the stability and accuracy of the sensing signals. In this study, a hierarchical spatial assembly strategy is implemented to effectively integrate an intermediate energy storage layer with superhydrophobic surfaces (CA = 162 ± 2.5°), resulting in the development of a moisture‐resistant triboelectric structural materials with stable monitoring and tracking capabilities. The moisture‐resistant self‐powered sensor constructed from this triboelectric structural material operates effectively in extreme humidity conditions (99% RH) with a full‐scale output retention rate of 95.2%, and is capable of accurately sensing human activity from the distance of 3 m. Importantly, the sensor can also effectively detect vehicle states during operation and perform real‐time monitoring of the vehicle's surrounding environment. This study not only overcomes the long‐standing challenges of accuracy and stability in high humidity for sensors but also advances the development of sustainable, interconnected intelligent systems for the Internet of Everything in extreme environmental conditions.
Linear D‐glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of D‐glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the D‐glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline‐organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of D‐glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top‐down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials. The top‐down approach encounters critical limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and flexibility. Bottom‐up approaches of D‐glucan synthesis offer different, and often more precise, ways of polymer structure control and provide means of functional diversification widely inaccessible to top‐down routes of polysaccharide material processing. Here we describe the natural and engineered enzymes (glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and phosphorylases, glycosynthases) for D‐glucan polymerization and show the use of applied biocatalysis for the bottom‐up assembly of specific D‐glucan structures. We further show advanced material applications of the resulting polymeric products and discuss their important role in the development of sustainable macromolecular materials in a bio‐based circular economy.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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