“…The formation of INSAFs (insulin amyloid fibrils) indicates that they can stably exist in subsequent chemical reactions. In addition, the amide sites on the surface of INSAFs could cooperate with the metal salt solution to form metal ion nucleation centers. , It can be seen from the UV–vis test that for pure PtCl 4 and RhCl 3 solution, each has an absorption peak at 258 and 222 nm, respectively, and two appeared for K 2 PdCl 6 solution at 208 and 236 nm. When the INSAFs and the [PtCl x ] 4‑ x , [RhCl x ] 3‑ x , and [PdCl x ] 2‑ x mixture were incubated under acidic conditions, due to the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged functional groups on the inner and outer surfaces of INSAFs and the negative charges of the complex ions in solution, the complexes of [PtCl x ] 4‑ x , [RhCl x ] 3‑ x , and [PdCl x ] 2‑ x were adsorbed on the insulin fibers, which caused the absorption peaks of curves a, b, and c to significantly decrease or even disappear, as shown by curve e. After NaBH 4 was added dropwise, the ions in the solution were reduced to form Pt-Rh-Pd alloy nanoparticles along INSAFs.…”