Self‐Assembly of MXene‐Surfactants at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: From Structured Liquids to 3D Aerogels

Shi, Shaowei; Qian, Bingqing; Wu, Xinyu; Sun, Huilou; Wang, Haiqiao; Zhang, Haobin; Yu, Zhong‐Zhen; Russell, Thomas P.

doi:10.1002/anie.201908402

Cited by 172 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Liquid-liquid interfaces play an important role in physical, chemical and biological sciences as they break inversion symmetry and promote the interfacial self-assembly of monolayers of surfactants, colloids and nanoparticles to reduce the interfacial energy [1]. Consequently, the interface can be effectively functionalized by the segregation of molecular surfactants [2,3], polyelectrolytes [4,5], biomaterials [6], liquid crystals [7,8] and micro/nanoparticles [1,9], to the interface endowing the interface with the inherent characteristics and functionalities of these materials. Provided the binding energy of the particles to the interface is sufficiently high, immiscible liquid phases can be emulsified and stabilized against coalescence, affording compartmentalization that enables mass or ion transport for drug delivery, or fluidic reactors [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: Ferromagnetic Liquids

Streubel

Liu

et al. 2020

Materials

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Mechanical jamming of nanoparticles at liquid–liquid interfaces has evolved into a versatile approach to structure liquids with solid-state properties. Ferromagnetic liquids obtain their physical and magnetic properties, including a remanent magnetization that distinguishes them from ferrofluids, from the jamming of magnetic nanoparticles assembled at the interface between two distinct liquids to minimize surface tension. This perspective provides an overview of recent progress and discusses future directions, challenges and potential applications of jamming magnetic nanoparticles with regard to 3D nano-magnetism. We address the formation and characterization of curved magnetic geometries, and spin frustration between dipole-coupled nanostructures, and advance our understanding of particle jamming at liquid–liquid interfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: Ferromagnetic Liquids

Streubel

Liu

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…By homogenizing the Ti 3 C 2 T x dispersion and oil with dissolved POSS‐NH 2 , the water‐in‐oil Pickering emulsions act as templates to form an aerogel after freeze‐drying ( Figure a). 105 The as‐prepared MXene aerogels hold advantages of porous, hydrophobic, robust, and highly conductive (Figure 9b), which is favorable for the applications, such as oil adsorption and EMI shielding. The above two approaches pave a new way for preparing 3D MXene monoliths using a soft template.…”

Section: The Mxene Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) SEM images of MXene aerogels prepared from emulsion templates. Inset: Optical photographs showing the robust, lightweight properties of MXene aerogels 105. c) Schematic of the bidirectional freeze‐casting mechanism, and the aligned lamellar structure produced with interconnected bridges of MXene aerogels.…”

Section: The Mxene Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assembly of MXenes from 2D to 3D

et al. 2020

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MXenes can be denoted with the formula M n+1 X n T x (n 1-3), where M is an early transition metal (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, or W), X is carbon and/or nitrogen, and T x stands for a surface functional group (O, OH, and/or F, etc.). [8] MXenes have a lattice with hexagonal lattice symmetry inherited from their parent MAX phase and have a superior electrical conductivity (6000-8000 S cm −1 ) due to their metallic backbone. [1,8] Abundant surface functional groups provide a large number of active sites on the surface of MXenes, and this has tremendous potential for surface modification and the highly efficient loading of active substances. [9][10][11][12] Additionally, MXenes have good thermal conductivity, [6] a tunable bandgap and excellent mechanical strength, [13,14] thus having great prospects in the fields of energy conversion and storage, [15][16][17] electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and absorption, [18][19][20] sensing, [21,22] environmental protection, and so on. [23,24] However, similar to other 2D materials, MXenes also have a propensity for "face to face" stacking and aggregation due to strong van der Waals forces, which greatly limits their performance in practical applications. [25,26] Recently, to address the stacking problem for a high surface utilization and obtain functional MXene materials with well-tailored structures, intense efforts from different aspects, such as surface modification, [27] heteroatom doping, [28] buckling and crumpling, [29][30][31][32] introducing interlayer spacers, [33] templating, [34] and crosslinking [35] have been made.Ways of assembling MXenes into 3D structures at the macro and/or microlevel are greatly needed to overcome the restacking problem of 2D materials, and have been extensively studied. [18,36,37] The 2D MXene nanosheets can be used as building blocks to construct MXene assemblies with desired structures by well-designed methods. Their excellent properties are expected to be inherited by the assemblies, thus essentially expanding their applications. Hence, there is a great need to summarize recent progress in the design of MXene assemblies for diverse applications.Previously, several reviews on the synthesis, properties, and applications of MXenes have been published. [8,15,25,[38][39][40][41] However, none of them have summarized the latest advances on MXene from an assembly perspective. A timely and focused progress report of MXene assemblies is expected to further accelerate the development of these emerging materials and promote their applications. Here, recent efforts on MXene assemblies and the corresponding assembly strategies are reviewed. To facilitate the discussion, the assemblies are classified into three categories according to their dimensional structures at the macro and/ or microlevels. These are, 2D assemblies, 2D macroassemblies Since their discovery in 2011, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted a wide range of attention due to their unique properties and promise for use in a variety of appl...

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“…[104] In another report, Shi et al developed MXene-based Janus-like nanoparticle surfactants that could promote the interfacial interaction of MXene sheets to construct aerogels that could deliver an EMI SE of 34.5 dB at a smaller content (0.40 vol%) of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene. [105] The EMI shielding of 2D materials can be further enhanced by modifying their architectural design. For example, in segregated MXene polymer composites, a small volume of conductive MXene fillers can form a conductive network, thus decreasing the percolation threshold.…”

Section: (7 Of 23)mentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes): Applications as an Electrically Conducting Material

et al. 2020

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conductive nature, tunable surface chemistry, and the ability to intercalate other metal ions, MXenes are at the forefront of the research in this field. One of the major factors responsible for the rapid progress in the research on MXene materials is their electrical conductivity, which is the highest among all synthetic 2D materials, more than ten times the conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films. [7,8] This unique characteristic coupled with a hydrophilic nature and a good dispersion stability has expanded the applications of MXenes in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, [9] optoelectronics, [10] sensing, [11] thermal heaters (THs), [12] thermoelectrics, [13] high dielectric materials, [14] triboelectric nanogenerators, [15] and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. [16,17] Compared to graphene, the flagship 2D material, MXenes offer greater promise in applications requiring high electrical conductivity and solution processing to construct thin films via low-cost techniques such as spray coating. MXenes can form stable dispersions in a variety of solvents without an additive or surfactant; these dispersions are stable for several days, making them ideal for designing optoelectronic, plasmonic, and polymer composite applications. Most recently, a large area MXene film with dimensions of 100 cm × 10 cm was reported to possess an outstanding tensile strength (≈570 MPa), excellent electrical conductivity (≈15 100 S cm −1) and superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), (≈50 dB for 940 nm thick film), surpassing all the existing 2D materials produced to date. [18] The search for new and intriguing applications based on the outstanding electrical conductivity of MXenes is a topic of great interest. [6,19] MXenes are typically synthesized by a top-down selective etching procedure of a parent MAX phase, where "M" is an early transition metal element, "A" represents an element from Group 13 or 14, and "X" is either carbon or nitrogen. [20] To date, more than 100 pure MAX phase materials have been prepared; this number increases with the addition of solid solutions and/ or ordered double transition metal structures. [21] Potentially, all the MAX phase precursors can be converted to their respective MXenes, presenting numerous possibilities of materials design, in particular, regulating the electronic transport in a 2D lattice. [6] The "A" group elements in the MAX phase are etched using a mixture of acids and salts, including hydrofluoric acid (HF), NH 4 F, NaF, CaF, HCl+LiF mixture (forming in situ HF), HF+HCl, and others. [20,22] The etching process leaves the termination groups, T x (e.g., O, OH, and F) on the surface of MXenes, which are bonded to the outer M layers. The surface chemistry of MXenes offers significant opportunities to develop Since their discovery in 2011, 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, have attracted considerable global research interest owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity coupled with light weight, ...

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Self‐Assembly of MXene‐Surfactants at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: From Structured Liquids to 3D Aerogels

Cited by 172 publications

References 39 publications

Perspective: Ferromagnetic Liquids

Perspective: Ferromagnetic Liquids

The Assembly of MXenes from 2D to 3D

2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes): Applications as an Electrically Conducting Material

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