“…Moreover, other CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composites have also been studied. − Although several unexpected developments have been achieved in these studies, CeO 2 nanodots doubly modified with dopants and OVs integrated with g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (CNNS) to construct the 0D/2D Z-scheme heterostructure and its application in PHE have not been explored. 0D nanodots with a smaller size could decrease the diffusion length of charge carriers, promoting the separation of charge carriers. ,,− Good dispersion on the fully exposed 2D g-C 3 N 4 could create numerous intimate heterojunction interfaces, which would offer more separation and migration pathways for photogenerated charge carriers to ensure that they can be separated more efficiently and quickly. ,, Therefore, anchoring 0D nanodots on 2D nanosheets to form 0D/2D heterojunctions has the potential to improve the PHE performance. Moreover, theoretical calculations, especially density functional theory (DFT) calculation research, have an important value in analyzing the electronic structural properties, work functions, and the charge transfer at the interface of composite heterojunctions. , The combination of theoretical calculations and experiments to complement each other has become the current trend.…”