Self-assembly of glycinin nanoparticles for delivery of phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to fabricate and evaluate glycinin nanoparticles for 7 delivery of phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria. The nanoparticles were prepared 8 using self-assembly method, and three variables, including pH (X 1 ), glycinin concentration 9 (X 2 ), and glycinin to phenolic compounds mass ratio (X 3 ), for the achievement of high 10 encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds were optimized using response surface 11 methodology. The statistical analyses show that the independent variables (X 1 , X 2 ) and the 12 quadratic terms (X 2 1 , X 2 2 and X 2 3 ) have significant effect on the encapsulation efficiency. The 13 optimized conditions are X 1 of 4.4, X 2 of 3.2 mg/mL, and X 3 of 6.2:1. Under these conditions, 14 the experimental value is 51.42% (n=3), which is well matched with the predicted value. 15 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph and dynamic light scattering (DLS) 16 analyses show that the nanoparticles have an approximately spherical morphology with a 17 smooth surface, and the mean particle size was about 100 nm with a narrow size distribution 18 of 0.318. The release of phenolic compounds shows a faster release at pH 7.4 but a lower 19 release at pH 1.2, and the release mechanism at pH 1.2 and 7.4 is Fickian diffusion and 20 anomalous transport, respectively.21

Ultrasonic-extraction of phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria: optimization model and antioxidant activity

“…Phyllanthus urinaria belongs to the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) and is widely distributed in Southern America and Asian countries like China and India (Huang et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2015a;Lu et al, 2013). Phyllanthus urinaria has many biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, hepatoprotective antiinflammatory, antiallodynic and antioedematogenic, antiviral, and antibacterial (Liu et al, 2015a) and the phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria are mainly responsible for these activities.…”

Natural Macromolecules as Carriers for Essential Oils: From Extraction to Biomedical Application

“…Release property of bioactive compounds from the protein-based carriers depends on pH conditions. Pronounced swelling of protein-based carriers obtained at neutral pH could induce the undesirable leakage of bioactive compounds (Kimpel and Schmitt, 2015 ; Liu et al, 2015 ). Important disadvantage of this type of carriers is significant disintegration under gastric condition caused by pepsin attack (Kumar et al, 2016 ).…”