Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers

Abetz, Volker

doi:10.3390/polym12040794

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Generally, block polymers show mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties dependent on chemical structure, and in some cases, properties are better when phase separated microstructures are accessed. ,, The phase separated morphology depends upon block incompatibility (expressed as the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, χ), the overall degree of polymerization ( N ), block composition (expressed as a volume fraction, f ), and architecture (linear, star, etc.). Morphologies are also influenced by block dispersity and polymer processing history. , …”

Section: Delivering Useful Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications

et al. 2021

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There is an ever-increasing demand for higher-performing polymeric materials counterbalanced by the need for sustainability throughout the life cycle. Copolymers comprising ester, carbonate, or ether linkages could fulfill some of this demand as their monomer–polymer chemistry is closer to equilibrium, facilitating (bio)degradation and recycling; many monomers are or could be sourced from renewables or waste. Here, an efficient and broadly applicable route to make such copolymers is discussed, a form of switchable polymerization catalysis which exploits a single catalyst, switched between different catalytic cycles, to prepare block sequence selective copolymers from monomer mixtures. This perspective presents the principles of this catalysis, catalyst design criteria, the selectivity and structural copolymer characterization tools, and the properties of the resulting copolymers. Uses as thermoplastic elastomers, toughened plastics, adhesives, and self-assembled nanostructures, and for programmed degradation, among others, are discussed. The state-of-the-art research into both catalysis and products, as well as future challenges and directions, are presented.

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Section: Delivering Useful Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications

et al. 2021

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“…The polymers used range from bulk plastics such as various polyolefines [ 1–5 ] to block copolymers specialized in various fields of applications. [ 6–14 ] Polymer properties depend on their chemical composition (i.e., homopolymers, random or gradient copolymers, block copolymers), their topology (i.e., linear, branched, cyclic), and their molecular weight distribution (MWD). [ 15 ] Particularly for special applications, precise control of the MWD is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐Assisted Optimization of RAFT Polymerization in Micro‐Scale Reactors—A Fast Screening Approach

Kandelhard

Schuldt

Schymura

et al. 2021

Macro Reaction Engineering

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In this work, the combination of different modeling approaches with in‐line proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy is used to assist the transfer of a reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate to a micro‐scale reactor. This approach is then applied to find the optimal process parameters like temperature or residence time as well as the best composition of the reaction mixture in order to optimize the conversion and molecular characteristics of the synthesized polymer. A kinetic model based on ordinary differential equations implemented in the program Predici is first validated based on experimental data of reactions performed at various temperatures. Further on, two glass chip reactors and a coil reactor are used and combined in different ways to investigate the influence of the reactor geometry on the polymerization process. This optimization step is assisted by multiphysics modeling that focuses on the heat transfer properties of specific areas inside the reactors. This experimental setup is used successfully to carry out a stationary polymerization. This study shows that instationary experiments in a micro‐fluidic reactor system equipped with in‐line analytics allow for the fast development of a kinetic model for RAFT polymerizations.

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“…Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules, including small molecules and polymers, is an effective strategy to prepare nanoscale objectives, because properties and morphologies of the nanoscale objectives are able to be designed in the molecule level and controlled during the self-assembly process. [109,110] Thus, taking advantages of self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules to prepare nanosized 19 F MRI probes also receive increasing attention. Tang et al prepared one cascaded multiresponsive nanosized 19 F MRI probe (1-indocyanine green nanoparticles (1-ICG NPs)) by self-assembly of fluorine containing amphiphiles.…”

Section: Nanosized 19 F Mri Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress of ¹⁹F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application

Huang

Liu

et al. 2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Visualization of biomolecules, cells, and tissues, as well as metabolic processes in vivo is significant for studying the associated biological activities. Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) holds potential among various imaging technologies thanks to its negligible background signal and deep tissue penetration in vivo. To achieve detection on the targets with high resolution and accuracy, requirements of high‐performance 19F MRI probes are demanding. An ideal 19F MRI probe is thought to have, first, fluorine tags with magnetically equivalent 19F nuclei, second, high fluorine content, third, adequate fluorine nuclei mobility, as well as excellent water solubility or dispersity, but not limited to. This review summarizes the research progresses of 19F MRI probes and mainly discusses the impacts of structures on in vitro and in vivo imaging performances. Additionally, the applications of 19F MRI probes in ions sensing, molecular structures analysis, cells tracking, and in vivo diagnosis of disease lesions are also covered in this article. From authors’ perspectives, this review is able to provide inspirations for relevant researchers on designing and synthesizing advanced 19F MRI probes.

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Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers

Abstract: Block copolymers and block-copolymer-containing blends represent a fascinating class of soft matter and can self-assemble in a variety of ordered structures on the mesoscale [...]

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications

Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications

Model‐Assisted Optimization of RAFT Polymerization in Micro‐Scale Reactors—A Fast Screening Approach

Recent Research Progress of ¹⁹F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application

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Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers

Abstract: Block copolymers and block-copolymer-containing blends represent a fascinating class of soft matter and can self-assemble in a variety of ordered structures on the mesoscale [...]

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications

Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications

Model‐Assisted Optimization of RAFT Polymerization in Micro‐Scale Reactors—A Fast Screening Approach

Recent Research Progress of 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application

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Product

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Recent Research Progress of ¹⁹F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes: Principle, Design, and Their Application