2017
DOI: 10.1039/c6en00619a
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Self-assembly of birnessite nanoflowers by staged three-dimensional oriented attachment

Abstract: Assembly of birnessite nanoflowers via a two-directional oriented attachment process.

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Cited by 20 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…On the basis of the synthesis method and the birnessite structure characteristics revealed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy, the structure of the present samples should be the same as that of birnessite synthesized by Liang et al According to Liang et al, oriented δ-MnO 2 nanoflakes with poor crystallinity are generated in the initial stage of the reaction and in the course of time these flakes aggregate and form randomly oriented nanosheets resembling petals. During Ostwald-ripening the nanosheets rotate to achieve the same lattice direction and convert into birnessite.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…On the basis of the synthesis method and the birnessite structure characteristics revealed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy, the structure of the present samples should be the same as that of birnessite synthesized by Liang et al According to Liang et al, oriented δ-MnO 2 nanoflakes with poor crystallinity are generated in the initial stage of the reaction and in the course of time these flakes aggregate and form randomly oriented nanosheets resembling petals. During Ostwald-ripening the nanosheets rotate to achieve the same lattice direction and convert into birnessite.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…The MnO 2 structure of birnessite is formally composed of stacked sheets of edge-sharing MnO 6 octahedra (Figure ) and forms ultrathin nanoplatelets with a surface dominated with its basal face. , It has a formal average oxidation state (AOS) of 4.0, but synthetic and natural forms commonly contain a mixture of Mn oxidation states (Mn IV , Mn III , and Mn II ). In nature, birnessite or vernadite with AOS values as low as ∼3.5 is probably more common because natural organic matter has a strong propensity to reduce Mn IV . , Cationic vacancies represent an additional source of charge imbalance with, for example, previously reported populations of 12% in birnessite prepared in acidic and 6% in alkaline media. ,, Countercations ( e.g. , Na + , K + , and Mn 2+ ) in the interlayer region counterbalance the missing charges resulting from the mixed Mn-oxidation states and vacancies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13 Examples of knowledge required for these various applications include molecular configurations 14 of intercalated water layers and of their thermal stabilities 4,15 The MnO 2 structure of birnessite is formally composed of stacked sheets of edge-sharing MnO 6 octahedra (Figure 1) 16−18 and forms ultrathin nanoplatelets with a surface dominated with its basal face. 19,20 It has a formal average oxidation state (AOS) of 4.0, but synthetic and natural forms commonly contain a mixture of Mn oxidation states (Mn IV , Mn III , and Mn II ). 21−24 In nature, birnessite or vernadite with AOS values as low as ∼3.5 is probably more common because natural organic matter has a strong propensity to reduce Mn IV .…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such XRD patterns have been reported in the literature. 4749 For example, the XRD pattern similar to Figure 3 with the absence of basal reflections was observed in the early stages of birnessite formation before the sheets had an opportunity to stack up along the c axis. 47 In another study, with increasing Al 3+ and Fe 3+ introduced during the synthesis of birnessite, the basal reflections disappeared.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 87%