Self-assembly monolayer of anatase titanium oxide from solution process on indium tin oxide glass substrate for polymer photovoltaic cells

The role of buffer layers in polymer solar cells

“…172 Other effects of TiO x CBLs have been suggested in the literature, such as the prevention of the diffusion of Al into the underlying organic layer 170 and a less dependent cell efficiency on the level of vacuum during the deposition of the above Al contact. 176 Crystalline TiO 2 has been also proposed as CBL in inverted P3HT:PCBM solar cells, 177,178 deposited onto ITO substrate by liquid phase dispersion 177 or by potentiostatic anodization of a titanium layer, followed by high temperature annealing (500 C) to convert the initial amorphous oxide, showing a morphology of vertically oriented nanotubes, to the crystalline anatase phase. 178 The nanostructured TiO 2 CBL led to a much higher efficiency (2.25%) of the related solar cells, 178 compared to those made of a planar TiO 2 layer (PCE 0.85%), 177 owing to its enhanced ability to collect negative charges.…”

Polymer solar cells with a TiO2:Ag layer

“…Scientists analyzed the influence of additional layers in BHJ solar cells such as ZnO, graphene, LiF, CrO x , or TiO 2 on the device performance [21]. Taking TiO 2 into consideration, authors investigated titanium dioxide in hybrid inverted [22,23], hybrid [24][25][26][27][28], and BHJ [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] organic solar cells. Currently, polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM mixture receive value of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the range from less than 1% to more than 6%, depending on the architecture of devices, kind of HTL layer, and applied conditions (especially construction of device in air or in glove box, and annealing of active layer) [20].…”