Self-assembly and phase transformations of π-conjugated block copolymers that bend and twist: from rigid-rod nanowires to highly curvaceous gyroids

Lee, Yi-Huan; Yen, Wei-Che; Su, Wei‐Fang; Dai, Chi‐An

doi:10.1039/c1sm05724c

Cited by 47 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…insulating blocks as for example PMMA (P3HT-b-PMMA), [224] or poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-b-P2VP, [225][226][227][228][229] or P4VP (P3HT-b-P4VP), [230][231][232] or PEO (P3HT-b-PEO), [233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242] or polylactides (P3HT-b-PLA), [243] or polyacrylic acids (P3HT-b-PAA). [244,245] Also more special block copolymer with P3HT block were reported as for example azobenzene liquid crystalline mesogen, 6-(4-((4-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate (MMAZO) incorporated into a block copolymer with P3HT.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[230] Another interesting class of amphiphilic semiconductor block polymers, capable of incorporation inorganic nanoparticles, carry PEG as the hydrophilic block. In a similar approach as for P3HT-b-P4VP, click reaction was used to attach different lengths of PEG blocks (113,227,454 repeating units of EG) to a high molecular weight P3HT-alkyne (M n = 20 kg mol -1 from SEC; 12 kg mol -1 from MALDI) and the structure formation of these block copolymers in solution was studied in detail. [233] As shown in Figure 14, the different P3HT-b-PEG block copolymers formed stable micellar structures in THF after addition of MeOH as a non-solvent for the P3HT block.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

Müller‐Buschbaum

Thelakkat

Fässler

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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In hybrid photovoltaics, an organic and an inorganic semiconductor are combined in the active layer, with the advantages of both material classes in a single device. The organic component contributes towards the possibility for wet chemical device preparation with potentially low costs in combination with achieving flexible devices. From the inorganic component an increase in stability, as well as superior opto‐electronic properties, is added. Given the large diversity of organic and inorganic semiconductors, a large number of possible realizations of hybrid solar cells emerge. In the present review, we limit to hybrid solar cells which combine conjugated polymers with inorganic materials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon, germanium and quantum dots to keep focused. Particular emphasis is put on different routes to tailor nanostructures, such as the use of semiconductor block copolymers. The inorganic component is either synthesized directly in one of the blocks or added as a pre‐synthesized nanomaterial to form the hybrid material. Alternatively, the block copolymer is used as a structure‐directing template in a sol–gel synthesis approach to have tailored inorganic nanostructures, which are back‐filled with the organic component to fabricate the hybrid material. Hybrid solar cells based on crystalline Si are discussed for comparison.

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Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

Müller‐Buschbaum

Thelakkat

Fässler

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…3.10. The copolymer exhibits structures of nanofibrils, lamella, cylinder and sphere by changing the volume fraction of P2VP from 20, 29, 68, 87 % respectively [8]. The P3HT segment is more rigid than P2VP segment, so at lower volume fraction of P2VP, less curvature morphology is observed such as fiber, lamella.…”

Section: Crystal Structure Of Copolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid crystallinity (LC) occurs when molecules become aligned in a crystalline array while still in the liquid state that exhibits anisotropic property. The ordered regions in the liquid are HTVP20 is nanofibril structure; HTVP29, HTVP46, and HTVP57 are lamellar structure; HTVP68 and HTVP76 are hexagonal cylinder structure and HTVP87 is spherical structure [8] 3.3 Crystal Structure of Copolymercalled mesophases. Molecules exhibit LC behavior when their structures are relatively rigid, elongated or disc like.…”

Section: Liquid Crystalline Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copolyesters prepared from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid Fig. 3.12 TEM photos of HTVP68 self assembled into a hexagonal closed-packed cylinders after annealed at 130°C for 24 h plus liquid nitrogen quenching, b a gyroid phase after annealed at 150°C for 24 h plus liquid nitrogen quenching, c disordered phase after annealed at 220°C for 24 h plus liquid nitrogen quenching and d hexagonal close-packed cylinders after cooling from 220°C and annealing at 130°C for 24 h then liquid nitrogen quenching [8] [8] exhibit liquid crystalline behavior. The structures of monomers are shown in below.…”

Section: Liquid Crystalline Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure Morphology Flow of Polymer

2013

Lecture Notes in Chemistry

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The chemical composition, configuration and molecular arrangement determine the structure of polymer. The physical structure of polymer is the morphology of polymer. The nonpolar polyethylene chain can be folded into ordered structure to have high crystallinity and exhibit good physical properties of toughness, strength, etc. The polar polymers as shown in Fig. 3.1 exhibit intermolecular interactions that result in high crystallinity and exhibits good physical properties as well. There are some factors which affect polymer flow, such as temperature (kinetic energy), molecular weight (molecular entanglement), and molecular structure. The high crystalline polymer is usually difficult to process due to its high viscosity. The liquid crystalline polymer is an exception. It exhibits both excellent physical properties and low viscosity at liquid state (discuss later). The crosslinked polymer is obtained either by chemically bonding or physically bonding. The polymer is not crosslinked and is in liquid form for the ease of processing but it becomes crosslinked to have good mechanical strength after processing.

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A Self‐Assembly Phase Diagram from Amphiphilic Perylene Diimides

Zhang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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Supramolecular forces govern self-assembly and further determine the final morphologies of self-assemblies. However, how they control the morphology remains hitherto largely unknown. In this paper, we have discovered that the self-assembled nanostructures of rigid organic semiconductor chromophores can be finely controlled by the secondary forces by fine-tuning the surrounding environments. In particular, we used water/methanol/hydrochloric acid to tune the environment and observed five different phases that resulted from versatile molecular self-assemblies. The representative self-assembled nanostructures were nanotapes, nanoparticles and their 1D assemblies, rigid microplates, soft nanoplates, and hollow nanospheres and their 1D assemblies, respectively. The specific nanostructure formation is governed by the water fraction, R(w), and the concentration of hydrochloric acid, [HCl]. For instance, nanotapes formed at low [HCl] and R(w) values, whereas hollow nanospheres formed when either the HCl concentration is high, or the water fraction is low, or both. The significance of this paper is that it provides a useful phase diagram by using R(w) and [HCl] as two variables. Such a self-assembly phase diagram maps out the fine control that the secondary forces have on the self-assembled morphology, and thus allows one to guide the formation toward a desired nanostructure self-assembled from rigid organic semiconductor chromophores by simply adjusting the two key parameters of R(w) and [HCl].

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Self-assembly and phase transformations of π-conjugated block copolymers that bend and twist: from rigid-rod nanowires to highly curvaceous gyroids

Cited by 47 publications

References 52 publications

Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

Hybrid Photovoltaics – from Fundamentals towards Application

Structure Morphology Flow of Polymer

A Self‐Assembly Phase Diagram from Amphiphilic Perylene Diimides

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