Self-Assembling of Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor with Bacteriostatic Materials via Layer-by-Layer Method

Abstract

Poly-diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDDA) solution was used to disperse carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form a stable PDDACNTs aqueous dispersion. The negatively charged glucose oxidase (GOx) and positively charged PDDA-CNTs composite were used to prepare multilayer biosensing films on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) via layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The optimum number of layers on GCE was 4. A mixture of 3-dimethyl (methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS) and Graphene (GR) was dropped on the multilayer films to prepare a bacteriostatic glucose biosensor. The results show that CNTs could evenly disperse in the PDDA films and the multilayer PDDA-CNTs films can significantly improve the catalytic current response toward glucose (Glu). The biosensor could detect glucose linearly from 16.5 to 214. Electrochemical biosensors which utilize immobilized oxidase [1][2][3][4][5][6] or metal/metal oxide 7-10 to catalyze the oxidation of target analyte, could respond to the changes of concentration of the analyte, and output electrical signal with some disciplines. It can be used to determine biological, clinical, or environmental substances.11-13 Many works have been carried out to achieve high biosensing performance. 14-17However, less research has been done about the bacteriostatic electrochemical glucose biosensor.Antimicrobial or bacteriostatic material has been widely used in industries such as textile, food fermentation and medical device industry. 18,19 In the process of bio-fermentation, the detection of various biochemical parameters (biomass, cell activity, substrate, nutrition, products and metabolites) forms the basis of controlling process of the fermentation. 20 The growth rate of micro-organism can be monitored by the consumption of glucose. Consequently, the abnormal phenomenon of fermentation process can be forecasted by the timely detection of glucose.21 However, bacterium can be easily adsorbed on the surface of the glucose sensors to form a bio-film. The bio-film can block the substrate close to the electrode, and the accuracy of the detection can be affected. 22 In these cases, it is especially necessary to use antimicrobial or bacteriostatic glucose biosensors. But there are very few studies reporting the antimicrobial or bacteriostatic electrochemical glucose biosensor. In this paper, a bacteriostatic film is built on GCE via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method and used to construct a glucose sensor.It is generally known that chemical compounds contain quaternized ammonium groups and that zwitterionic sulfopropylbetaine shows bacteriostatic or antimicrobial properties, 23 besides the zwitterionic materials show outstanding protein resistance performance. 24,25 A typical sulfobetaine, 3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS) (Scheme 1), which contains a sulfonate group and a quarternized ammonium separated by an alkyl spacer, has outstanding antimicrobial properties.Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method is a useful and versatile tech...

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