Self-Assembled Monolayers: Versatile Uses in Electronic Devices from Gate Dielectrics, Dopants, and Biosensing Linkers

Abstract

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), molecular structures consisting of assemblies formed in an ordered monolayer domain, are revisited to introduce their various functions in electronic devices. SAMs have been used as ultrathin gate dielectric layers in low-voltage transistors owing to their molecularly thin nature. In addition to the contribution of SAMs as gate dielectric layers, SAMs contribute to the transistor as a semiconducting active layer. Beyond the transistor components, SAMs have recently been applied in other electronic applications, including as remote doping materials and molecular linkers to anchor target biomarkers. This review comprehensively covers SAM-based electronic devices, focusing on the various applications that utilize the physical and chemical properties of SAMs.

Disordered Mixture of Self-Assembled Molecular Functional Groups on Heterointerfaces with p-Si Leads to Multiple Key Generation in Physical Unclonable Functions

“…All SAM materials were dissolved in chlorobenzene with the same concentration. ODTS and PFOTES have different alkane chain lengths, with a number of carbon chains of 18 and 8, respectively . PUFs were synthesized through a solution process with MOP, as shown in Figure a and specifically in Figure S1.…”

“…Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer an easy-to-fabricate and low-cost process owing to their molecular assembly. , SAMs consist of a hydroxyl molecular “head group,” enabling self-assembled covalent bond formation with a target surface. , Furthermore, SAMs provide various functional groups in their molecular tail group. Depending on the functional groups, such as amine (−NH 2 ), methyl (−CH 3 ), , fluoromethyl (−CF 3 ), carboxyl (−COOH), , and thiol (−SH), , the dipole polarity or surface energy property can be controlled. , SAMs allow solution processing, which reduces the complexity of the fabrication process. , Despite these merits of SAMs, the use of SAMs as PUFs has not been attempted.…”

Incorporating Hydrophobic Moieties into Self-Assembled Monolayers to Enable Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors Deployed Directly in a Complex Matrix

“…In addition to their application in E-AB sensors, SAMs are also used as linkers with ordered domains to anchor analytes in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) − and field-effect biosensors. − SAMs have also been used as ultrathin gate dielectric layers and a semiconducting active layer in transistors. − They are also expected to be applicable for the modification of colloidal silicon nanocrystals or silicon quantum dots in fluorescence imaging in vivo . Furthermore, in recent years, much work has been devoted to exploring the interfacial laws of hydrophobic monolayers, such as the frictional force of surface interfaces, , molecular dynamics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, and the interfacial density distribution of polar liquids on hydrophobic surfaces .…”

Bioactive Coatings on Titanium: A Review on Hydroxylation, Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and Surface Modification Strategies

“…The properties of the solid surfaces, including their physical, chemical, electric, bioactivity and optical properties can be modulated by incorporating the specific terminal end group of the SAMs [ 70 ]. Consequently, this type of surfaces has shown wide applicability in very different fields such as molecular sensors [ 71 ], electrochemical sensing [ 72 , 73 ] biosensors [ 74 , 75 ], preventive anti-biofouling surfaces [ 76 ], organic electronics [ 77 , 78 ] and tribological applications [ 79 ], among others.…”