Self-Assembled Monolayers That Resist the Adsorption of Proteins and the Adhesion of Bacterial and Mammalian Cells

Abstract

This paper examines the hypothesis that surfaces resistant to protein adsorption should also be resistant to the adhesion of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and the attachment and spreading of mammalian cells (bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells). The surfaces tested were those of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated with derivatives of tri(sarcosine) (Sarc), N-acetylpiperazine, permethylated sorbitol, hexamethylphosphoramide, phosphoryl choline, and an intramolecular zwitterion (-CH2N + (CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3 -) (ZW); all are known to resist the adsorption of proteins. There seems to be little or no correlation between the adsorption of protein (fibrinogen and lysozyme) and the adhesion of cells. Surfaces terminated with derivatives of Sarc and N-acetylpiperazine resisted the adhesion of S. aureus and S. epidermidis as well as did surfaces terminated with tri(ethylene glycol). A surface that presented Sarc groups was the only one that resisted the adhesion of BCE cells as well as did a surface terminated with tri(ethylene glycol). The attachment of BCE cells to surfaces could be patterned using SAMs terminated with derivatives of Sarc, N-acetylpiperazine, phosphoramide, and the ZW as the attachment-resistant component and methyl-terminated SAMs as the adhesive component.

Self-Assembled Three Dimensional Radio Frequency (RF) Shielded Containers for Cell Encapsulation

“…One such approach would be to coat the entire self-assembled 3D microcontainer with a layer of an inert metal (by electrodeposition), oxide (by chemical vapour deposition) or a polymer (by immersion or vapor coating) (Rihova, 2000;Johnston et al, 2005). The surface of noble metals can also be readily modified using a variety of self-assembled organic monolayers that are designed to reduce non-specific adsorption of proteins and subsequent biofilm formation (Ostuni et al, 2001). …”

Biology on a Chip: Microfabrication for Studying the Behavior of Cultured Cells

“…235 A range of techniques have been used to micropattern endothelial cells. [236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243] Chen et al 244 found that cell spreading acted as a regulator of proliferation or death in human and bovine capillary endothelial (CE) cells by tightly controlling cell spreading with adhesive microislands of fibronectin; fibronectin was adsorbed on a methyl-terminated alkanethiol SAM, whereas the nonadhesive background consisted of a hexaethylene-glycolterminated alkanethiol SAM (HEG-SAM) that resisted protein adsorption and cell attachment. Cells that were free to spread over large microislands displayed growth, as expected, but the cells that were constrained to limit their spreading to a small island displayed apoptosis.…”

An X-ray and neutron reflectometry study of ‘PEG-like’ plasma polymer films

“…For example, the hydrogen content of plasma polymer films is low in comparison with the polymer of the corresponding monomer owing to considerable cross-linking [16]. It is therefore highly unlikely that low-fouling plasma polymer films produced via the plasma polymerization of 'glyme' monomers will exactly reproduce the polymer surface chemistry generated from the more commonly used PEG polymer graft surfaces [9,[17][18][19]. Plasma polymer chemistries generated from a particular monomer may vary substantially depending on the operational conditions used (reactor geometry, monomer flow rate, pressure, mode and the strength of power delivery and frequency) [20].…”