Self-Assembled Monolayers Derived from Positively Charged Adsorbates on Plasmonic Substrates for MicroRNA Delivery: A Review

Abstract

MicroRNA (miRNA) has emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic treatment for cancer, but its delivery has been hindered by low cellular uptake and degradation during circulation. In this review, we discuss the various methods of delivering miRNA, including viral and non-viral delivery systems such as liposomes and nanoparticles. We also examine the use of nanoparticles for miRNA-based diagnostics. We focus specifically on non-viral delivery systems utilizing coinage metals in the form of nanoparticles and the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a method of surface modification. We review the use of SAMs for the conjugation and delivery of small noncoding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA), particularly SAMs derived from positively charged adsorbates to generate charged surfaces that can interact electrostatically with negatively charged miRNA. We also discuss the effects of the cellular uptake of gold and other plasmonic nanoparticles, as well as the challenges associated with the degradation of oligonucleotides. Our review highlights the potential of SAM-based systems as versatile and robust tools for delivering miRNA and other RNAs in vitro and in vivo and the need for further research to address the challenges associated with miRNA delivery and diagnostics.

Improving the performance of a SnS2 cathode with interspace layer engineering using a Na+ insertion/extraction method for aqueous zinc ion batteries

“…The typical peaks at 161.7 and 162.9 eV may have been assigned to S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 orbits of S 2− , respectively. 49,50,61 Fig. 2a shows the Na + insertion and extraction schematic in the SnS 2 cathodic structure, which creates a layered structure in SnS 2 during the insertion stage.…”

“…The typical peaks at 161.7 and 162.9 eV may have been assigned to S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 orbits of S 2− , respectively. 49,50,61…”

Enhancing the performance and cyclability of MoS2 cathodes with interspace layer engineering using polypyrrole

“…Several compounds that have been proposed as active cathode materials include vanadium oxide, manganese oxide, Prussian blue, and their analogous compounds. 36,37 MoS 2 , a transition metal disulde, has been the subject of extensive research as an aqueous ZIB cathode. MoS 2 is composed of a sandwich-like structure consisting of a solitary layer of Mo atoms positioned between two layers of alternatingly stacked S atoms.…”

“…Several compounds that have been proposed as active cathode materials include vanadium oxide, manganese oxide, Prussian blue, and their analogous compounds. 36,37…”