Self assembled magnetic PVP/PVA hydrogel microspheres; magnetic drug targeting of VX2 auricular tumours using pingyangmycin

Abstract

Chemotherapy in cancer treatment is associated with serious side effects and as a result there is great interest in research aimed at bringing down the level of systemic cytotoxicity. With advances in material science, magnetic drug targeting has emerged as one of the viable ways of attaining this. In this study, we used self assembled PVP/PVA magnetic hydrogel microspheres to deliver pingyangmycin (Bleomycin A5) to rabbit auricular VX2 tumours in the presence of a 0.5 T permanent magnet both during and 24 h after perfusion. A total of 22 New Zealand white rabbits ranging from 13 to 16 weeks and weighing 2.5-3.0 kg (2.46 +/- 0.2) successfully implanted with tumours 200-300 mm2 in size were used. In group D (1 mg pingyangmycin in 50 mg ferrofluid without a magnet) 2 weeks post treatment, there was statistically significant difference compared to the control (p = 0.05) in favor of group D. However, when compared to the group with 1 mg pingyangmycin(BLM) in 50 mg of ferrofluid and 0.5 mg (BLM) in 50 mg ferrofluid both with a permanent magnet in place for 24 h, the statistically significant difference was in favor of combined treatment, i.e. ferrofluid carrying drug in presence of a permanent magnet (p = 0.01). The microspheres in conjunction with the magnet did deliver pingyangmycin to the tumour and hence may be of use in future as far as magnetic drug targeting is concerned. However, more studies are still required to establish biodistribution and biostability not to forget drug release of ferrofluid of different chemotherapeutic agents available.

Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles

“…Section 3.3). These include chemotherapeutics (DOX, [330][331][332] danorubicin, 333 tamoxifen, 334 cisplatin and gemcitabine, 335 PTX, 336 mitoxantrone, 337 cefradine, 338 ammonium glycyrrhizinate, 339 fludarabine, 340 pingyangmycin, 341 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutics, 342 amethopterin, 343 mitomycin, 344 diclofenac sodium, 345 and adriamycin), 346 enzymes, 347 toxins, 348 genes, 349 folic acid (FA), 322 Abs, 350 growth factors, 351 and radionucleotides. 352,353 In the three next paragraphs, we summarize some recent achievements using MNPs for targeted drug delivery based on these concepts.…”

Comparative delivery of Diltiazem hydrochloride through synthesized polymer: Hydrogel and hydrogel microspheres

“…Such systems are also called pH‐dependent ‘switch‐on and ‐off systems’ 10. From last few years, hydrogel microspheres have shown their efficacy in delivering various drugs to different areas of body 11–14. By controlling size of the microspheres, the targeted delivery of the drugs to the required area of various organs becomes realizable.…”

A Facile Nanodelivery Platform Based on Functionalized Hyperbranched Poly(ether‐ester) for Individualized Antitumor Drugs: Pingyangmycin as a Model

“…Pingyangmycin is an antibiotic that was initially isolated from the culture medium of Streptomyces pingyangensisn spp. in China and has been known for a long time to exhibit significant cytotoxicity to tumor cells [31][32][33][34]. Despite its effective antitumor activity, the systemic toxicity and short half-life time of pingyangmycin have largely prevented its widespread clinical application.…”

“…Despite its effective antitumor activity, the systemic toxicity and short half-life time of pingyangmycin have largely prevented its widespread clinical application. Therefore, hydrophilic pingyangmycin has only been used in situ to treat head and neck cancers [31][32][33][34]. The specific benefits of nanocarriers, such as passive and accurate targeted therapy with decreased systemic toxicity and long circulation [16], could increase the clinical application of pingyangmycin.…”