“…Relative to inorganic BEI materials, CP-based BEIs integrated with biology have a greater number of potential applications because of their extraordinary manufacturing flexibility, convenient mass production, low-temperature fabrication, intrinsic biocompatibility, biomimetic mechanical strength, and superior electrochemical and optical/photoelectric properties. Among CPs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based materials have attracted the most attention for their use in bioelectronics {e.g., organic electrochemical transistors, ,,,− organic-electronic ion pumps, ,, and biosensors/bioelectrodes , } because they allow dynamic control over charge transport phenomena, protein folding/conformational transitions, , and capture/release modulation of circulating tumor cells ,, through electrochemical doping/de-doping processes. Developments in multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/mixed polymer nanocomposites have been of great interest for a broad range of bioelectronic applications due to their mechanical properties, blood compatibility, and unique electronic behavior. ,,− To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous demonstrations of robust organic BEI systems for imparting ES functions into HD treatment.…”