Self‐Adjuvanted Molecular Activator (SeaMac) Nanovaccines Promote Cancer Immunotherapy

Luo, Zichao; He, Tao; Liu, Peng; Yi, Zhigao; Zhu, Shunyao; Liang, Xiuqi; Kang, E. T.; Gong, Changyang; Liu, Xiaogang

doi:10.1002/adhm.202002080

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Luo et al also reported a synergistic effect between the PC7A nanovaccine and radiotherapy [ 99 ]. Self-adjuvantinged molecular activator (SeaMac) nanovaccines constructed by PC7A nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth in CT26 and B16-F10 tumor models [ 100 ] (Fig. 6 ).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Self-adjuvanting Nanovaccines For Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Liao

Huang

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Nanovaccines, a new generation of vaccines that use nanoparticles as carriers and/or adjuvants, have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Nanovaccines have sparked considerable interest in cancer therapy due to a variety of advantages, including improved access to lymph nodes (LN), optimal packing and presentation of antigens, and induction of a persistent anti-tumor immune response. As a delivery system for cancer vaccines, various types of nanoparticles have been designed to facilitate the delivery of antigens and adjuvants to lymphoid organs and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Particularly, some types of nanoparticles are able to confer an immune-enhancing capability and can themselves be utilized for adjuvant-like effect for vaccines, suggesting a direction for a better use of nanomaterials and the optimization of cancer vaccines. However, this role of nanoparticles in vaccines has not been well studied. To further elucidate the role of self-adjuvanting nanovaccines in cancer therapy, we review the mechanisms of antitumor vaccine adjuvants with respect to nanovaccines with self-adjuvanting properties, including enhancing cross-presentation, targeting signaling pathways, biomimicking of the natural invasion process of pathogens, and further unknown mechanisms. We surveyed self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines in clinical research and discussed their advantages and challenges. In this review, we classified self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines according to the underlying immunomodulatory mechanism, which may provide mechanistic insights into the design of nanovaccines in the future. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Mechanism Of Self-adjuvanting Nanovaccines For Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Liao

Huang

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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“…However, these vaccines are different because self-adjuvant nanovaccines can have abscopal effects in B16-F10 and CT26 tumors and do not require adjuvant or immune checkpoint blockers. Together, these findings can help to address some challenges facing nanovaccines, including the cost and complexity of treatment protocols [ 117 ]. Another liposome-encapsulated minimalist nanovaccine (LrTL) composing recombinant protein of trichosanthin (adjuvant) legumain peptide (antigen) was designed, and this study showed that the LrTL could induce a powerful CD8 + T cell response by activating DCs that enhance the release of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 as immunostimulatory cytokines.…”

Section: Nanovaccines In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the immunogenicity of tumors is poor and anti-tumor T cell-mediated immune responses do not possess the necessary efficiency, resulting in a low response rate for patients with cancer [ 126 , 127 ]. Among the immunotherapy-based approaches, cancer vaccines also encounter several challenges, and their therapeutic efficiency is strongly influenced by factors such as tumor heterogeneity, low immunogenicity, poor in vivo delivery, tumor immune escape, high treatment costs, complications, and low persistence in the blood circulation [ 112 , 117 ]. To address these limitations, nanovaccines were designed and demonstrated promising efficiency in treating cancer; however, the design, manufacture, and administration of these nanovaccines also have limitations [ 128 ] ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Challenges Of Nanovaccines For Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanovaccines for Cancer Prevention and Immunotherapy: An Update Review

Fang

Lan

Jin

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Cancer immunotherapy has received more and more attention from cancer researchers over the past few decades. Various methods such as cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockers, and cancer vaccines alone or in combination therapies have achieved relatively satisfactory results in cancer therapy. Among these immunotherapy-based methods, cancer vaccines alone have not yet had the necessary efficacy in the clinic. Therefore, nanomaterials have increased the efficacy and ef-fectiveness of cancer vaccines by increasing their half-life and durability, promoting tumor mi-croenvironment (TME) reprogramming, and enhancing their anti-tumor immunity with minimal toxicity. In this review, according to the latest studies, the structure and different types of nanovaccines, the mechanisms of these vaccines in cancer treatment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these nanovaccines are discussed.

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“…In certain cases, the polymeric material itself is highly immunogenic and takes on the dual role of adjuvant and delivery vehicle. Two separate studies used the concept of adjuvant NPs, made from an inulin acetate polymer [15] and a maleimide-based polymer [16] for cancer therapy. The inulin acetate polymer activates dendritic cells (DCs) and, therefore, increases uptake of the encapsulated antigen.…”

Section: Trends In Pharmacological Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials, biological molecules, and polymers in developing vaccines

Ravi

Shamiya

Chakraborty

et al. 2021

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

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Vaccines have been used to train the immune system to recognize pathogens, and prevent and treat diseases, such as cancer, for decades. However, there are continuing challenges in their manufacturing, large-scale production, and storage. Some of them also show suboptimal immunogenicity, requiring additional adjuvants and booster doses. As an alternate vaccination strategy, a new class of biomimetic materials with unique functionalities has emerged in recent years. Here, we explore the current bioengineering techniques that make use of hydrogels, modified polymers, cell membranes, self-assembled proteins, virus-like particles (VLPs), and nucleic acids to deliver and develop biomaterial-based vaccines. We also review design principles and key regulatory issues associated with their development. Finally, we critically assess their limitations, explore approaches to overcome these limitations, and discuss potential future applications for clinical translation. Vaccines and their limitationsSeveral prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines (see Glossary) are successfully used to protect humans against numerous infectious pathogens and diseases, and to prevent their spread among communities worldwide. According to the WHO, more than 70% of children were given shots of routinely administered vaccines (Box 1) globally in 2019 i . Efforts are continuously being made to develop new vaccines for emerging and established pathogens and diseases, the current Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic being a good example. The area of therapeutic vaccine development, particularly for cancer therapy, is also being widely studied [1]. With an increasing demand for high-quality vaccines, there is a need to investigate innovative and novel approaches that are superior to conventional methods (Box 1). Polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials could aid these efforts owing to their favorable characteristics and widespread success in other fields [1][2][3][4]. These NPs can be used to address the current limitations of traditional vaccines, such as low immunogenicity, safety issues, and need for booster doses [5][6][7][8][9]. Here, we discuss different approaches used to elevate the efficacy of vaccines for multiple applications using the principles of engineering (Figure 1, key figure). Engineered biological and biomaterial vaccinesThe engineering of diverse biomaterials, organisms, and biological molecules can yield improved vaccines and vaccine delivery vehicles that overcome several, if not all, of the current limitations and challenges in the field of vaccine development [10]. The following are six approaches using polymeric hydrogels, biologically modified polymers, cell membranes, self-assembled proteins, VLPs, and nucleic acids that have been applied to advance the efficacy and competence of vaccines. The first three approaches make use of the properties of the materials to enhance the delivery of the encapsulated antigens, and the latter three exploit the properties of the biological molecules to develop superior a...

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Self‐Adjuvanted Molecular Activator (SeaMac) Nanovaccines Promote Cancer Immunotherapy

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Nanovaccines for Cancer Prevention and Immunotherapy: An Update Review

Biomaterials, biological molecules, and polymers in developing vaccines

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