Self-adhesive epidermal carbon nanotube electronics for tether-free long-term continuous recording of biosignals

Lee, Seung Min; Byeon, Hang Jin; Lee, Joong Hoon; Baek, Dong Hyun; Lee, Kwang Ho; Hong, Joung Sook; Lee, Sang Hoon

doi:10.1038/srep06074

Cited by 143 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This arrangement causes skin irritation (erythema) and leads to electrical degradation for periods of use that extend more than a few hours, typically caused by drying of the electrolyte gel (6). Recent technologies replace the gel (7,8) with needles (8,9), contact probes (10,11), capacitive disks (12,13), conductive composites (14,15), or nanowires (16). Such dry electrodes have some promise, but they require multistep preparations, obtrusive wiring interfaces, and/or cumbersome mechanical fixtures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Norton

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

319

283

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Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide highfidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant thermal, electrical, or mechanical loading of the skin. Experimental and computational studies establish the fundamental aspects of the bending and stretching mechanics that enable this type of intimate integration on the highly irregular and textured surfaces of the auricle. Cell level tests and thermal imaging studies establish the biocompatibility and wearability of such systems, with examples of high-quality measurements over periods of 2 wk with devices that remain mounted throughout daily activities including vigorous exercise, swimming, sleeping, and bathing. Demonstrations include a text speller with a steadystate visually evoked potential-based brain-computer interface and elicitation of an event-related potential (P300 wave).or more than 80 y, electroencephalography (EEG) has provided an effective noninvasive means to study human brain activity (1). EEG is instrumental in a wide range of clinical and research applications, from diagnosing epilepsy (2) to improving our understanding of language comprehension (3) and the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) (4). Conventional EEG recording systems, particularly the physical interface between the sensor (commonly known as an electrode) and the head, have limitations that constrain the more widespread use of EEG monitoring. Electrodes typically consist of rigid metal disks mechanically secured to the head with a mesh cap and chin strap, where electrolyte gels (5) enable efficient electrical coupling by reducing the impedance at the skin interface. This arrangement causes skin irritation (erythema) and leads to electrical degradation for periods of use that extend more than a few hours, typically caused by drying of the electrolyte gel (6). Recent technologies replace the gel (7, 8) with needles (8, 9), contact probes (10, 11), capacitive disks (12, 13), conductive composites (14, 15), or nanowires (16). Such dry electrodes have some promise, but they require multistep preparations, obtrusive wiring interfaces, and/or cumbersome mechanical fixtures. These shortcomings limit the potential for long-term use in diagnosis of neurological disabilities (17, 18) or in persistent BCI (17,19). For example, although microneedle electrodes can record EEG signals for a few hours (20), the interface does not offer the robustness, comfort, or eas...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Norton

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

319

283

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“…In addition, the EMG sensor, which is 24mm2 in size, was too large to specifically detect the response of a single cell to the stimulation, and instead detected signals from a population of cells. In another study, wearable devices also demonstrate the ease for daily monitoring of cardiac functions of patients with arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation [36]. For instance, a carbon nanotube (CNT)-and adhesive polydimethylsiloxane (aPDMS)-based sensor for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements was reported ( Figure 2G,H).…”

Section: Current Flexible and Wearable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sensors have been used for monitoring the normality of cardiovascular functions, brain activities, rehabilitation, wound healing, sleep conditions, blood pressure, and metabolism [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. [2] (A), [16] (B,C), [35] (D-F), [36] (G-I), [37] (J-L).…”

Section: Current Flexible and Wearable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a carbon nanotube (CNT)-and adhesive polydimethylsiloxane (aPDMS)-based sensor for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements was reported ( Figure 2G,H). This sensor functions wirelessly while permitting repeated adhesion and normal operation under water ( Figure 2I) [36]. Yet, the electrodes are, again, too large to detect signals at the single-cell resolution.…”

Section: Current Flexible and Wearable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable Devices for Single-Cell Sensing and Transfection

Chang

Wang

Ershad

et al. 2019

Trends in Biotechnology

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Wearable healthcare devices are mainly used for biosensing and transdermal delivery. Recent advances in wearable biosensors allow for long-term and real-time monitoring of physiological conditions at a cellular resolution. Transdermal drug delivery systems have been further scaled down, enabling wide selections of cargo, from natural molecules (e.g., insulin and glucose) to bioengineered molecules (e.g., nanoparticles). Some emerging nanopatches show promise for precise single-cell gene transfection in vivo and have advantages over conventional tools in terms of delivery efficiency, safety, and controllability of delivered dose. In this review, we discuss recent technical advances in wearable micro/nano devices with unique capabilities or potential for single-cell biosensing and transfection in the skin or other organs, and suggest future directions for these fields. Highlights• Current wearable sensors have allowed for long-term, real-time detection of specific biomarkers directly from patients. • Miniaturized wearable biosensors with sensing elements interacting with skin or organs can capture target molecules from single cells, which results in significantly increased sensitivity, responding time, and precision. • Emerging wearable devices based on novel nanomaterials or nanofabricationshow potential for single-cell detection in cancer cell screening, cardiomyocyte detection, and optogenetics. • Transdermal delivery devices have been scaled down to the micro-and/or nanoscale, and their applications have extended to wide selections of natural molecules and bioengineered molecules. • Emerging nanodevices show unique capabilities in precise single-cell gene transfection in vivo, with improved delivery efficiency, safety, and dose controllability.RH Segoe Text 8 pt SC

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“…The second way is to utilize the flexible conductive polymers as the raw materials of the electrodes [3]. The third way is to combine the conductive nanomaterial with flexible silicon material [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformable Structure Design for Stretchable Biomedical Epidermal Flexible Electrodes

2018

2018 3rd International Conference on Materials Science, Machinery and Energy Engineering (MSMEE 2018)

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Abstract:In this paper, deformable structures used for stretchable biomedical flexible electrode are designed. The presented cross curves in the deformable structures promote the reliability of the flexible electrode. To show the strain distribution of the structures when stretched, three-dimensional FEM analysis models are established. The FEM analysis results illustrate that the designed structures can be stretched to 20% with the maximum principal strain less than 0.3% which adapt to the deformation of the skin.

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Self-adhesive epidermal carbon nanotube electronics for tether-free long-term continuous recording of biosignals

Cited by 143 publications

References 34 publications

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Wearable Devices for Single-Cell Sensing and Transfection

Deformable Structure Design for Stretchable Biomedical Epidermal Flexible Electrodes

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