Self-adaptive metasurface platform based on computer vision

Abstract

Programmable metasurfaces allow real-time electromagnetic (EM) manipulation in a digital manner, showing great potential to construct advanced multifunctional EM devices. However, the current programmable metasurfaces typically need human participation to achieve various EM functions. In this Letter, we propose, design, and construct a self-adaptive metasurface platform that can achieve beam control automatically based on image recognition. Such a platform is composed of a metasurface with 36 × 36 active units, a single-board computer, and two independent cameras that can detect the position of the objects. The single-board computer, Raspberry Pi, is used to calculate the information of the objects and generate the coding sequences to control the digital metasurface based on a low complexity binocular localization algorithm. Such a smart metasurface platform can generate different beams according to the location of the receiver and can be used as intelligent antennas in future communications and radars.

Split Ring Resonator Network and Diffused Sensing Element Embedded in a Concrete Beam for Structural Health Monitoring

“…Although the present study was limited to a frequency range compatible with portable low-cost instrumentation, a very interesting future development could regard the adoption of miniaturized THz-band sensing structures, thus allowing for a finer distributed sensor network as well as a more efficient detection on micro-cracks occurring during the lifespan of the concrete structure. Such THz structures have been recently proposed in the literature [34][35][36][37][38].…”

A review of light‐controlled programmable metasurfaces for remote microwave control and hybrid signal processing

“…In 2021, Yu et al proposed and constructed a smart metasurface that can achieve microwave beam control automatically based on image recognition. 106 two independent cameras were integrated in the metasurface as light sensors for detecting the position of the objects in real time. In addition, a single-board computer was adopted for processing the images captured by the cameras.…”

“…On one hand, light-controlled programmable metasurfaces can be used to realize optically-driven and optical-sensing EM devices for wireless tuning of functions, such as beam tuning, cloaking, absorbing, and nonlinear generation. [96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] On the other hand, light-controlled programmable metasurfaces are able to realize optoelectronic mixed signal processing including wave-based information modulation and direct light-to-microwave conversion, which is the basis and key for hybrid wireless communications and quantum networks. [113][114][115][116][117][118][119] In this article, we review recent progress on light-controlled programmable metasurfaces, including two kinds of important applications of remote microwave control and hybrid signal processing.…”

Cloud-Connected Networked Metasurfaces for Online Electromagnetic Manipulations

“…To improve the intelligence of programmable metasurfaces, intelligent and smart metasurfaces with self-adaptive capabilities have recently been developed by further integrating the designed sensor circuits into programmable metasurfaces. − Through the sensing-and-feedback mechanism, the intelligent metasurface can automatically adjust its EM functions, such as automatic beam tracking and self-adaptive Doppler cloaking, without human intervention. The manual operation-based brainwave control is also introduced to smart metasurfaces recently in a human intelligence control manner. , The intelligent metasurface pushes the programmable EM manipulations to a higher level.…”