Self‐Adaptive Magnetic Photonic Nanochain Cilia Arrays

Abstract

The development of multifunctional artificial cilia may inspire a new generation of intelligent biomimetic microdevices and microfluidic systems, but remains a great challenge. Here, self-adaptive magnetic photonic nanochain cilia arrays (SMPNCAs) capable of achieving real-time and in situ visual microenvironment detection and self-adaptive fluid pumping are shown. By combining magnetic assembly and UV-assisted hydrogen bond-guided template polymerization in printing, SMPNCAs consisting of individual 1D periodic structure of magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in pH-responsive hydrogel shells, as an example, are demonstrated to be printed on a glass substrate with defined patterns in one step. The as-printed SMPNCAs exhibit real-time adjustable interparticle distance (lattice constant) and total length in response to the reversible volume change of the hydrogel shell with the pH value of the pumped fluids. Consequently, they can sense the surrounding pH variation in real time by in situ displaying different diffracted color, and pump directional flows with self-adaptive flow velocity under a rotating magnetic field. Benefiting from the integration of the facile, robust printing fabrication, structure-color-based fast sensing, and self-adaptive fluid pumping, the SMPNCAs that are developed here promise a significant advancement in biomimicry and microfluidic systems.

Lipophilic Magnetic Photonic Nanochains for Practical Anticounterfeiting

“…Instead, they are dispersible in viscous S-06E epoxy resin, forming homogenous photonic inks and appearing brilliant structural color under H. The reflection spectrum (Figure 1f) indicates the full-width at half-maxima (FWHM) is as narrow as 29.4 nm, half less than that in the previous studies. [41][42][43][44] This suggests that the as-formulated photonic inks have high color saturation. Furthermore, they can be easily fabricated into Fe 3 O 4 @PVP@PGDMA PNCs-based photonic crystal film via a simple two-step operation process, as illustrated in Figure S4a (Supporting Information).…”

Highly motile nanoscale magnetic artificial cilia

“…Cilia-like nanostructures fabricated from the only magnetic elastomers with sufficiently high particle concentration and nanoscale homogeneity ( 37 ) have also shown a limited bending response ( 27 , 38 ). Recently, highly responsive cilia with nanoscale dimensions fabricated from nanomagnetic particle chains have been reported ( 39 ); a drawback from this approach is that the cilia dimensions and properties are limited by the particles available. In this study, we report a material preparation process for preparing a magnetic elastomer that overcomes these issues and is suitable for fabricating highly responsive micro-/nanostructures.…”

3D Magnetic Field-Controlled Synthesis, Collective Motion, and Bioreaction Enhancement of Multifunctional Peasecod-like Nanochains

“…Magnetic responsive nanomaterials have received increasing research attention due to wide potential applications in active drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, remote microoperation, catalysis, and magnetic separation in a controlled manner. Compared to 0D magnetic microparticles, 1D magnetic materials such as nanochains, nanorods, and nanowires own unique anisotropic properties and tunable structural characteristics for more complex and diverse applications. − Among the various methods for the fabrication of 1D magnetic nanochains, the magnetic field guided sol–gel coating method promotes the magnetic dipolar interaction and forces the alignment of magnetic particles in a more controllable manner. , Various shells of silica, carbon, and polymer to form the 1D core–shell structure can be obtained for enhanced catalysis, drug delivery, photonic crystal, and so on. , However, during the magnetic-guided fabrication of nanochains, the interaction of reaction kinetics and a magnetic field plays a decisive role in the structure of a 1D nanochain . Unfortunately, the mechanism of the complex physical–chemical coupling process has not been systematically exploited for the rational design of the specific nanochain structure.…”