Self-Actuated, Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Valves for Lab on a Chip

Wang, Jing; Chen, Zongyuan; Mauk, Michael G.; Hong, Kuang-Sheng; Li, Mengyan; Yang, Shu; Bau, Haim H.

doi:10.1007/s10544-005-6073-z

Cited by 142 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Either the PH structure is directly integrated into the microfluidic channel to achieve blocking and releasing functionality upon temperature change [122][123][124][125], or the PH actuator is separated from the fluid channel by an elastomer that squeezes the channel [126,127]. In [128], an analytical and numerical study of the inhomogeneous swelling behavior of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel PNIPAAm was presented and verified by experimental results, which is valuable for the design of hydrogel-based microvalves.…”

Section: Temperature-sensitive Phsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

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Microfluidic devices have not yet evolved into commercial off-the-shelf products. Although highly integrated microfluidic structures, also known as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micrototal-analysis-system (lTAS) devices, have consistently been predicted to revolutionize biomedical assays and chemical synthesis, they have not entered the market as expected. Studies have identified a lack of standardization and integration as the main obstacles to commercial breakthrough. Soft microfluidics, the utilization of a broad spectrum of soft materials (i.e., polymers) for realization of microfluidic components, will make a significant contribution to the proclaimed growth of the LOC market. Recent advances in polymer science developing novel stimulus-active soft-matter materials may further increase the popularity and spreading of soft microfluidics. Stimulus-active polymers and composite materials change shape or exert mechanical force on surrounding fluids in response to electric, magnetic, light, thermal, or water/solvent stimuli. Specifically devised actuators based on these materials may have the potential to facilitate integration significantly and hence increase the operational advantage for the end-user while retaining costeffectiveness and ease of fabrication. This review gives an overview of available actuation concepts that are based on functional polymers and points out promising concepts and trends that may have the potential to promote the commercial success of microfluidics.

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Section: Temperature-sensitive Phsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

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“…To reduce the cost of the design, it was decided to use commercially available polymer material. Some of the common polymer materials used include polycarbonates (PCs) 14,15 and polydimethylsiloxane. 12,16,17 For this research, a polycarbonate compact disc base material was selected.…”

Section: B Pcr Sample Chamber Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that polycarbonate is PCR friendly. 14,15 It can also be easily machined using conventional machining technology. The discs are in average about 1.18 mm in thickness and have a diameter of 120 mm.…”

Section: B Pcr Sample Chamber Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid multi sample DNA amplification using rotary-linear polymerase chain reaction device (PCRDisc)

Sugumar

Kong

Ismail³

et al. 2012

Biomicrofluidics

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Multiple sample DNA amplification was done by using a novel rotary-linear motion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device. A simple compact disc was used to create the stationary sample chambers which are individually temperature controlled. The PCR was performed by shuttling the samples to different temperature zones by using a combined rotary-linear movement of the disc. The device was successfully used to amplify up to 12 samples in less than 30 min with a sample volume of 5 ll. A simple spring loaded heater mechanism was introduced to enable good thermal contact between the samples and the heaters. Each of the heater temperatures are controlled by using a simple proportional-integral-derivative pulse width modulation control system. The results show a good improvement in the amplification rate and duration of the samples. The reagent volume used was reduced to nearly 25% of that used in conventional method. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx

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“…Furthermore, these environmentally responsive materials have proven to be not only promising building blocks in the construction of actuators for drug delivery systems and nanofabricated devices (Beebe et al, 2000;Brinker, 2004;, but also to be the main components of nonmechanical actuators, designed mostly in the form of valves due to the simplicity of their design. (Beebe et al, 2000;Eddington and Beebe, 2004;Wang et al, 2005). Therefore, for instructional purposes and as an important part of this review, the available responsive materials, which have become fundamental parts of different valve designs, will be listed in the following section.…”

Section: Types Of Actuators That Control Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally responsive polymeric "intelligent" materials: the ideal components of non-mechanical valves that control flow in microfluidic systems

Morones‐Ramírez¹

2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Miniaturization and commercialization of integrated microfluidic systems has had great success with the development of a wide variety of techniques in microfabrication, since they allowed their construction at a low cost and by following simple step-series procedures. However, one of the major challenges in the design of microfluidic systems is to achieve control of flow and delivery of different chemical reagents. This feature is especially important when using microfluidic systems in the development of cell culture systems, the construction of labs on a chip and the fabrication and design of chemical microreactors. Spatiotemporal control of the microenvironment in microfluidic devices has been only partially achieved by incorporating actuator parts (mechanical and non-mechanical) within these devices; nevertheless, recently there has been enormous progress due to advances in the materials sciences, and the development of novel polymeric "intelligent" materials. These materials have proved to be excellent candidates in the construction of non-mechanical actuators in the form of environmentally responsive valves. These valves can more efficiently control flows because these "intelligent" materials are capable of undergoing conformational changes and phase transitions in response to different local or external environmental stimuli; allowing them to turn the valves from "on" to "off". In addition, these valves have very simple designs, and are easy and cheap to incorporate into microfluidic systems. Therefore, although there are many reviews that focus on the development and design of non-mechanical actuators, the following review proceeds to describe the exciting characteristics, potential uses and synthesis methods of the building blocks of the most recent and innovative non-mechanical valves, environmentally responsive polymeric "intelligent" materials. In addition, the last section of this review will focus on the synthesis of composite materials that are capable of responding to more than one type of stimulus, since these materials are believed to be the future components that will boost the development of microfluidic systems with spatiotemporal controlled microenvironments.

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Self-Actuated, Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Valves for Lab on a Chip

Cited by 142 publications

References 40 publications

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Rapid multi sample DNA amplification using rotary-linear polymerase chain reaction device (PCRDisc)

Environmentally responsive polymeric "intelligent" materials: the ideal components of non-mechanical valves that control flow in microfluidic systems

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