Selenium Nanoparticles for Stress-Resilient Fish and Livestock

Abstract

The fisheries and livestock sectors capture the highest share of protein-rich animal food and demonstrate accelerated growth as an agriculture subsidiary. Environmental pollution, climate change, as well as pathogenic invasions exert increasing stress impacts that lead the productivity momentum at a crossroads. Oxidative stress is the most common form of stress phenomenon responsible for the retardation of productivity in fisheries and livestock. Essential micronutrients play a determinant role in combating oxidative stress. Selenium, one of the essential micronutrients, appears as a potent antioxidant with reduced toxicity in its nanoscale form. In the present review, different methods of synthesis and characterization of nanoscale selenium have been discussed. The functional characterization of nano-selenium in terms of its effect on growth patterns, feed digestibility, and reproductive system has been discussed to elucidate the mechanism of action. Moreover, its anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant potentiality, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory efficacy, and fatty acid reduction in liver have been deciphered as the new phenomena of nano-selenium application. Biologically synthesized nano-selenium raises hope for pharmacologically enriched, naturally stable nanoscale selenium with high ecological viability. Hence, nano-selenium can be administered with commercial feeds for improvising stress resilience and productivity of fish and livestock.

Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles using Aqueous Extract of Musa ornata Flower Sheath against Pathogenic Bacteria

“…1). The pH of the medium plays an important role in the size variability and dissolution kinetics of the nanoparticles [13] . As pH has been found to affect the stability of nanoparticles as well, in our study, the solution was adjusted to different pH and the concentration of FeSO 4 was kept at 5 mM in 1:1 ratio.…”

“…6A. FTIR is used to study the surface interaction between synthesized nanoparticles with other molecules involved in the synthesis and stabilization of the nanoparticles [13] . The major absorption peaks in FTIR spectra of M. ornata leaf extract were mainly located at 3254.05, 1635.17, 525.09, 474.54 and 419.00 cm −1…”

Role of Selenium from Different Sources in Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Syndrome in Broiler Chickens

“…Safdari-Rostamabad et al observed significantly higher antibody responses to SRBC by supplementing 1.2 mg/kg nano-Se of heat-stressed broilers [30]. Selenium plays an important role in immunomodulation against stressors, and nano-selenium acts as a multifunctional antioxidant in supporting oxidative homeostasis in cells, which is called Bbiological response modifier^ [31].…”

Nanomaterials for products and application in agriculture, feed and food

“…Size-reduction of materials to the nanorange can also increase the absorption of nutrients as shown for iron (Mahler et al, 2012) and selenium which significantly improved the feed digestion in sheep (Xun et al, 2012). Similarly, nano-forms of selenium have been explored as novel formulated micronutrient and the nano-forms are claimed to have an increased bioavailability in fish (Sarkar et al, 2015) and livestock (Selim, Radwan, Youssef, Salah Eldin, & Abo Elwafa, 2015). While not being a feed application, injecting copper nanoparticles or copper sulphate in chicken eggs improved the feed conversion rate by increasing the muscles at the end of the rearing period and lowering the mortality (Mroczek-Sosnowska et al, 2015).…”

“…During agricultural production nano-formulated pesticides and other nano-formulated agro-chemicals are employed to increase the efficacy compared to conventional formulations (Gogos, Knauer, & Bucheli, 2012;Joseph & Morrison, 2006;Kah, 2015;Kah et al, 2013;Sarkar et al, 2015). This can be achieved by reducing the size of active ingredients and other compounds to the nanorange, mixing them into nano-emulsions or nano-dispersions or by incorporating them in solid lipid or polymeric nano-capsules (Frederiksen, Kristensen, & Pedersen, 2003).…”