Selenium Nanoparticles as a Natural Antioxidant and Metabolic Regulator in Aquaculture: A Review

Abstract

Balanced aquafeed is the key factor for enhancing the productivity of aquatic animals. In this context, aquatic animals require optimal amounts of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The original plant and animals’ ingredients in the basal diets are insufficient to provide aquafeed with suitable amounts of minerals. Concurrently, elements should be incorporated in aquafeed in optimal doses, which differ based on the basal diets’ species, age, size, and composition. Selenium is one of the essential trace elements involved in various metabolic, biological, and physiological functions. Se acts as a precursor for antioxidative enzyme synthesis leading to high total antioxidative capacity. Further, Se can enhance the immune response and the tolerance of aquatic animals to infectious diseases. Several metabolic mechanisms, such as thyroid hormone production, cytokine formation, fecundity, and DNA synthesis, require sufficient Se addition. The recent progress in the nanotechnology industry is also applied in the production of Se nanoparticles. Indeed, Se nanoparticles are elaborated as more soluble and bioavailable than the organic and non-organic forms. In aquaculture, multiple investigations have elaborated the role of Se nanoparticles on the performances and wellbeing of aquatic animals. In this review, the outputs of recent studies associated with the role of Se nanoparticles on aquatic animals’ performances were simplified and presented for more research and development.

Effect of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract as dietary growth promoter supplement in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) diet

“…Dietary supplements are incorporated into aquatic feed to help the body systems process and absorb the nutrients they get from the food they ingest ( Dawood et al, 2021 , Zheng et al, 2020 , Alemayehu et al, 2018 ) and to improve fish health ( Shekarabi et al, 2022 ). Exogenous enzymes, amino acids, and effective microbes are just some of the feed additives that can help fish grow ( Kari et al, 2022 , Mohammadi et al, 2022a , Mohammadi et al, 2022b , Kari et al, 2021 , Cerqueira et al, 2020 , Encarnação, 2016 , Castillo and Gatlin, 2015 ).…”

Construction of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of Stability and Antioxidant Activity

“…Selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals [ 1 ]. It is an integral component of more than 30 kinds of selenoproteins and selenium-containing enzymes, such as selenoprotein P (SelP), selenoprotein S (SelS), selenoprotein M (SelM), subfamilies of thioredoxin reductases (TrxR), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and iodothyronine deiodinases (ID), that play a key role in regulating redox balance and preventing cellular damage from radicals [ 2 , 3 ]. However, at least one billion people in the world are at risk of selenium deficiency at present because the intake of selenium is insufficient to meet the daily requirement [ 4 ].…”

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Animal Nutrition: A Review

“…Markedly, the nanoform of Se can enhance growth performance in fish. The recommended dosage of SeNP dietary inclusion ranges from 0.15 to 4 mg/kg depending on the fish species [134]. Ross 308 broiler male chicken SeNPs 0.3, 0.9, and 1.5 mg Se/kg were fed for 28 days…”