Selenium- Essential Antioxidant Element. The example of autoimune thyroiditis

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of Selenium (Se) supplementation on: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antiperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and glutathione peroxidise 1 (GPx1) in euthyroid subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis. 100 euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroiditis, from the same region, were randomized to receive daily 100 µg selenomethionine (n=50) or placebo (n=50) for 3 months. Serum concentrations of Se, TPOAb and TSH were performed in all patients at baseline and after 3 months. GPx1 activity was measured only in the interventional group before and after Se supplementation. At 3 months TSH presented a significant increase both in treated (2.49 vs. 2.09 UI/mL; p=0.001) and untreated groups (2.38 vs. 1.91 UI/mL; p=0.008). TPOAb decreased by 15.2% in patients treated with Se (p=0.002) and were not modified in untreated patients. At the end of the study Se and TPOAb were in direct insignificant correlation (r=+0.267, p=0.105). GPx1 did not show significant changes after Se supplementation. After 3 months of Se supplementation results showed a mild decrease of TPOAb and a weak negative correlation of these antibodies with Se levels. This suggests that Se treatment may improve the course of thyroid autoimmunity.

Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

“…From the 11 cohorts reporting on TSH levels in participants without THRT, one observed a decrease 70 and ten observed no change 43–46 , 58 , 61 , 65 in TSH levels after selenium supplementation compared with the control group. Among the 20 cohorts reporting on TSH levels in participants with THRT or unspecified THRT, 4 observed a decrease, 40 , 52 , 62 , 64 1 an increase, 66 and 15 no change in TSH levels after selenium supplementation compared with the control group. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in TSH levels after selenium supplementation compared with the control group in patients without THRT (SMD −0.21 [confidence interval, CI −0.41 to −0.02]; 7 cohorts; 869 participants; I 2 = 0%) ( Table 2 and Fig.…”

“…In total, 18 studies (51%) assessed the serum selenium levels at baseline. Nine studies (50%) were severely selenium deficient, 50 , 51 , 54 , 57 , 65 , 67 , 70 , 74 , 76 seven (39%) mildly selenium deficient, 45–47 , 55 , 66 , 69 , 72 and two selenium sufficient (11%) 49 , 62 (Supplementary Table S4 in Supplementary Data S2 ).…”

“…Four cohorts reported an increase in GPX activity, 46 , 70 , 76 while three showed no change. 45 , 62 One cohort reported an increase in both superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). 72 Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) increased significantly in two cohorts 65 , 70 but remained unchanged in two cohorts.…”

Do Dietary Supplements Affect Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Status in Adults with Hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s Disease?—A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

“…Most of the papers identified were published after 2010 (except Karanikas et al [26] and Xiang et al [27]), and seven of them were published in the last 3 years [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Fourteen studies were conducted in Asia (seven in China [27,29,32,[34][35][36][37], six in Iran [28,30,31,33,38,39], and one in India [40]), seven in Europe (three in Italy [41][42][43], one each in Austria [26], Germany [44], Poland [45], and Romania [46]), and one in South America (Brazil [47]). The sizes of groups in the studies varied (15-183 subjects), but usually the number in the intervention groups did not exceed 50 people (except in three studies [32,35,37]), and the smallest intervention group consisted of 15 people [42].…”

“…The sizes of groups in the studies varied (15-183 subjects), but usually the number in the intervention groups did not exceed 50 people (except in three studies [32,35,37]), and the smallest intervention group consisted of 15 people [42]. The majority of the studies were conducted only among women [26,27,31,35,37,39,41,[43][44][45][46]. In the studies included in the systematic review, the following DS were used: three studies examined the influence of vitamin D [31,38,39], twelve studies of selenium [26,29,32,[34][35][36]40,41,[44][45][46][47], and seven studies used other DS including zinc, magnesium, and vitamin A [30], Wobenzym vital [42], Nigella sativa [28], fermented papaya-based nutraceutical [43], genistein [37], synbiotic [33], and alpha-lipoic acid [27].…”