Selenium and cadmium in bioaccessible fraction of organic weaning food: Risk assessment and influence of dietary components

Human health risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury ingestion from baby foods

“…Based on these analyses, human health risks, including non-cancer and cancer (where applicable), are not expected from Cd or Hg exposure, based on the concentrations measured in these baby food types. This finding is consistent with the existing available literature regarding these metals [ 12 , 25 , 27 , 49 , 50 ]. The As and Pb concentrations reported in certain product types, however, may represent potential health risks under the exposure assumptions used in this assessment.…”

“…Though these products were selected from national suppliers in order to include a range of foods that babies may eat, their representativeness of the entire market as a whole is unknown. Identifying specific risks (and, contrastingly, the elements identified as unlikely to be a risk) are consistent with the published literature, indicating that these results might actually be representative of other products [ 12 , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , 50 , 68 ]. Furthermore, the As and Pb concentrations found in the sampled baby foods in this study and identified as potential health risks are consistent with concentrations found in many whole foods and non-baby food products reported in the TDS, as depicted in Table 9 .…”

“…Further, under high-consumption scenarios, exposure to As exceeded the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL), indicating potential for increased health risks associated with excess consumption of As in rice products. In a study of weaning formula in Spain, Camara-Martos et al [ 27 ] performed a probabilistic assessment of Cd exposure, and determined that all exposure scenarios were below the associated PWTI.…”

A Narrative Review of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of Infant and Toddler Foods and Evaluation of United States Policy

“…In fact just one study was identified which investigated the cadmium content of organic baby foods in Spain. However, this study did find the presence of cadmium to be considerably lower in organic baby food samples when compared to previous study results evaluating the bioavailability of cadmium reported in infant formulas and weaning foods not categorized as organic (30,31). This one study suggests that the use of organic ingredients (especially those at highest risk for heavy metal contamination) could be one of the necessary commitments to reduce the presence of heavy metals in the pediatric diet, however further research is necessary to evaluate the presence of heavy metals in organic products.…”

Comparative Effects of Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Trace Elements Contents in Vegetable Brassicaceae: Risk Assessment

“…Comparing our results with those in a previous study, Hadayat et al (2018) reported lower Cd concentrations in organic tomato, onion, carrot and potato but not in lettuce. Cámara-Martos et al [26] for infant foods, such as weaning jars, made with organic vegetable ingredients, it was also found that Cd concentrations were considerably lower than those reported in weaning formulas which were not categorized as organic. Krejcova et al [19] showed slightly higher mean Cd concentrations in conventional carrots (0.066 µg/g) versus organic ones (0.060 µg/g), and Hoefkens et al [11] indicated significant higher or lower concentrations and even non-significant differences in Cd concentrations, depending on the food matrix.…”