Selenium and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Skalny, Anatoly V.; Skalnaya, Margarita G.; Bjørklund, Geir; Гриценко, В. А.; Aaseth, Jan; Tinkov, Alexey A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95390-8_10

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…However, to date there is no strong confirmation of the role of Se in modulating the microbiota during inflammation in humans. A review of the research on the interactions between Se metabolism and ASD and on the role of Se in inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, microglia activation, excitotoxicity, synapse dysfunction, and gut–brain axis disturbance does not allow for consistent conclusions confirming the neuroprotective effects of Se in all individuals with ASD [ 35 ]. Many studies highlight increased levels of heavy metals, disturbances in detoxification, and impaired methylation and redox homeostasis with increased vulnerability to oxidative stress in ASD [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], thus it cannot be excluded that at least a partial decrease of Se content in ASD may be due to its ability to form compounds with metals toxic to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Obese Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder More Likely to Be Selenium Deficient? Research Findings on Pre- and Post-Pubertal Children

Błażewicz

Dolliver

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Selenium is involved in many metabolic pathways that are critical for life. Information concerning the metabolic effects of selenium in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity is still conflicting and incomplete. The pre- and post-pubertal selenium profiles of patients with ASD and obesity have not yet been investigated. The goal of the study was to examine selenium content before and after puberty in euthyroid children diagnosed with ASD, compared to age-matched neurotypical controls, with respect to overweight or obesity as a co-existing pathology. Serum, toenail, and 24h urine selenium levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 287 prepubertal children (mean age 8.09 years), divided into groups: ASD with overweight/obesity (ASD+/Ob+); ASD without overweight/obesity (ASD+/Ob−); non-ASD with overweight/obesity (ASD−/Ob+); and non-ASD without overweight/obesity (ASD−/Ob−). The assessment was repeated in 258 of the children after puberty (mean age 14.26 years).The lowest serum (p < 0.001), urine (p < 0.001) and toenail (p < 0.001) selenium levels before and after puberty were observed in ASD+/Ob+ patients, and the highest in ASD−/Ob−. There were no differences in serum/toenail selenium levels between ASD+/Ob− and ASD−/Ob+ groups. The presence of ASD was associatedwith lower serum (p < 0.001) and toenail (p < 0.001) selenium in BMI-matched groups. In neurotypical patients, post-pubertal serum selenium levels were lower (p < 0.001) than pre-pubertal levels. In the multiple linear regression analyses, selenium levels showed inverse relationships with BMI (p < 0.001) and male gender (p < 0.001), irrespective of the sample type. The serum (p = 0.002) and toenail (p < 0.001) selenium levels were inversely associated with the presence of ASD. ASD, obesity/overweight, and male gender have independent impacts on selenium levels in children. Puberty may affect selenium content in neurotypical children of both genders, but not in ASD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Obese Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder More Likely to Be Selenium Deficient? Research Findings on Pre- and Post-Pubertal Children

Błażewicz

Dolliver

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…There is a growing body of evidence on nutrient deficiencies—the relatedness of function of important neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid) in the brain and many dietary components are currently suspected to be associated with alterations in behavior and cognition [ 9 , 10 ]. Particular attention is being paid to deficiencies of vitamin D, K, pantothenic acid, calcium and several bio elements including iron, iodine and selenium [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. A high incidence of metabolic imbalances in autism, e.g., decrease in the methylation capacity (folate cycle, transmethylation and transsulfuration biochemical pathways) and resulting oxidative stress, as well as the significance of metabolic activity of the microbiome in autism are highlighted in literature [ 10 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Changes over Time of Lipid Profile, C-Reactive Protein Level and Body Mass Index in Teenagers and Young Adults on Different Diets Belonging to Autism Spectrum Disorder

Błażewicz

Astel

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Background: Numerous scientific studies on patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest a significant role of inflammation processes or lipid disorders in this spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Unfortunately, there is a lack of assessments of changes over time regarding level of lipids and inflammatory markers in people diagnosed with ASD using different diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and body mass index (BMI) in individuals diagnosed with ASD and healthy controls. Variables were assessed at two time points (2015/17 and 2017/20) for each subject. Methods: After applying the selection criteria, for the first assessment period, 96 participants were qualified (the group consisted of 59 males with ASD and 37 healthy volunteers, i.e., age-matched control group—CG). The final assessment included 93 participants (57 from ASD group and 36 from CG). Subjects were on low-fat diet (LFD), gluten–casein-free diet (GF–CF) and regular diet (RD), respectively. All members of CG were on regular diet. A fasting lipid profile and hs-CRP level were analyzed. BMI and percentiles were calculated. Eating habits were checked by analyzing data from questionnaires. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used separately for every assessment. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the medians of variables in the scheme of pairwise comparisons between control and ASD groups on different diets for separate assessment, while differences over time between variables were tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Statistically significant differences between BMI, CRP, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL-C and TC/HDL ratio were found in ASD group in comparison to healthy volunteers (increased BMI, CRP and TC/HDL and decreased HDL-C for all types of diets, increased TG in the group of LFD and RD individual and increased non-HDL-C in the group of GF–CF and RD individuals) during the first assessment period. The second assessment over time also showed increased levels of TC, non HDL-C and TC/HDL and decreased level of HDL-C for all ASD individuals regardless of diets used, while BMI and CRP increased only for individuals on LFD and RD. No statistically significant correlations between age of participants and other variables comparing with CG were found. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that targeted, individualized nutritional pattern and periodic screening for lipid and immune disorders would be beneficial for teenagers and adults diagnosed with ASD.

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“…Oxidative stress, commonly observed in ASD, has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysfunction, and inflammation [ 50 , 51 , 146 ]. Selenium has been shown to alleviate these conditions, and as a result, several studies have investigated its potential role in ASD [ 147 , 148 ]. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear, as some studies have reported altered expression of selenoproteins in ASD, while others have not identified significant changes [ 147 ].…”

Section: Mineral Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASD has been linked to alterations in gut microbiota, and Se deficiency has been shown to result in changes in bacterial populations associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) overproduction and translocation. Selenium may modify LPS-induced inflammatory pathways by protecting against endotoxemia through modulation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB [ 147 ].…”

Section: Mineral Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current and Promising Strategies

Yenkoyan,

Ounanian,

Mirumyan

et al. 2024

CMC

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for developmental disorders characterized by social and communication impairments, language difficulties, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Current management approaches for ASD aim to resolve its clinical manifestations based on the type and severity of the disability. Although some medications like risperidone show potential in regulating ASD-associated symptoms, a comprehensive treatment strategy for ASD is yet to be discovered. To date, identifying appropriate therapeutic targets and treatment strategies remains challenging due to the complex pathogenesis associated with ASD. Therefore, a comprehensive approach must be tailored to target the numerous pathogenetic pathways of ASD. From currently viable and basic treatment strategies, this review explores the entire field of advancements in ASD management up to cutting-edge modern scientific research. A novel systematic and personalized treatment approach is suggested, combining the available medications and targeting each symptom accordingly. Herein, summarize and categorize the most appropriate ways of modern ASD management into three distinct categories: current, promising, and prospective strategies.

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Selenium and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 7 publications

References 101 publications

Are Obese Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder More Likely to Be Selenium Deficient? Research Findings on Pre- and Post-Pubertal Children

Are Obese Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder More Likely to Be Selenium Deficient? Research Findings on Pre- and Post-Pubertal Children

Assessment of Changes over Time of Lipid Profile, C-Reactive Protein Level and Body Mass Index in Teenagers and Young Adults on Different Diets Belonging to Autism Spectrum Disorder

Advances in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current and Promising Strategies

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